scholarly journals The sensory ecology of fear: African elephants show aversion to olfactory predator signals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Valenta ◽  
Melissa H. Schmitt ◽  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
Omer Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Ecology Of Fear ◽  
Predator Signals

scholarly journals Retracted: The sensory ecology of fear: African elephants show aversion to olfactory predator signals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Valenta ◽  
Melissa H. Schmitt ◽  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
Omer Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Ecology Of Fear ◽  
Predator Signals

scholarly journals Noise matters: elephants show risk-avoidance behaviour in response to human-generated seismic cues

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210774
Author(s):  
Beth Mortimer ◽  
James A. Walker ◽  
David S. Lolchuragi ◽  
Michael Reinwald ◽  
David Daballen
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Seismic Vibrations

African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) use many sensory modes to gather information about their environment, including the detection of seismic, or ground-based, vibrations. Seismic information is known to include elephant-generated signals, but also potentially encompasses biotic cues that are commonly referred to as ‘noise’. To investigate seismic information transfer in elephants beyond communication, here we tested the hypothesis that wild elephants detect and discriminate between seismic vibrations that differ in their noise types, whether elephant- or human-generated. We played three types of seismic vibrations to elephants: seismic recordings of elephants (elephant-generated), white noise (human-generated) and a combined track (elephant- and human-generated). We found evidence of both detection of seismic noise and discrimination between the two treatments containing human-generated noise. In particular, we found evidence of retreat behaviour, where seismic tracks with human-generated noise caused elephants to move further away from the trial location. We conclude that seismic noise are cues that contain biologically relevant information for elephants that they can associate with risk. This expands our understanding of how elephants use seismic information, with implications for elephant sensory ecology and conservation management.

Music and the Ecology of Fear: Kanyeleng Women Performers and Ebola Prevention in The Gambia

Africa Today ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie B. McConnell ◽  
Buba Darboe
Keyword(s):  
Women Performers ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

Mike Davis' Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagiizatioiz of Disaster

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Ole Bech-Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mike Davis ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

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Sensory Ecology: Lamplight Behavior Simulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Carper
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Ecology

Trophic Cascades in Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.

The Sensory Ecology of Birds

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Fialko ◽  
Jarome R Ali ◽  
Laura Céspedes Arias ◽  
Jacob Drucker ◽  
Klara K Nordén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Ecology

scholarly journals Emotional States of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) Kept for Animal–Visitor Interactions, as Perceived by People Differing in Age and Knowledge of the Species

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Ilaria Pollastri ◽  
Simona Normando ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
Gregory Vogt ◽  
Donatella Gelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Degree Of Separation

This study aimed to investigate how three groups of people of differing ages, and with differing knowledge of the species, perceived the emotional state of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) managed in captive and semi-captive environments. Fifteen video-clips of 18 elephants, observed during three different daily routines (release from and return to the night boma; interactions with visitors), were used for a free choice profiling assessment (FCP) and then analyzed with quantitative methods. A general Procrustes analysis identified two main descriptive dimensions of elephant behavioral expression explaining 27% and 19% of the variability in the children group, 19% and 23.7% in adults, and 21.8% and 17% in the expert group. All the descriptors the observers came up with showed a low level of correlation on the identified dimensions. All three observers’ groups showed a degree of separation between captive and semi-captive management. Spearman analyses showed that stereotypic “trunk swirling” behavior correlated negatively with first dimension (free/friendly versus sad/bored) in the children’s group; second dimension (agitated/confident versus angry/bored) amongst the adults; and first dimension (active/excited versus agitated/bored) amongst the experts. More studies are needed to investigate other potential differences in assessing elephants’ emotional states by visitors of different ages and backgrounds.

African elephants can detect water from natural and artificial sources via olfactory cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wood ◽  
Simon Chamaillé-Jammes ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Adrian M. Shrader
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
African Elephants

Immobilization of African Elephants with Carfentanil and Antagonism with Nalmefene and Diprenorphine

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott R. Jacobson ◽  
George V. Kollias ◽  
Darryl J. Heard ◽  
Randolph Caligiuri
Keyword(s):  
African Elephants
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