African elephants can detect water from natural and artificial sources via olfactory cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wood ◽  
Simon Chamaillé-Jammes ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
Adrian M. Shrader
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
African Elephants

scholarly journals African elephants have expectations about the locations of out-of-sight family members

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A Bates ◽  
Katito N Sayialel ◽  
Norah W Njiraini ◽  
Joyce H Poole ◽  
Cynthia J Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Expectancy Violation

Monitoring the location of conspecifics may be important to social mammals. Here, we use an expectancy-violation paradigm to test the ability of African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) to keep track of their social companions from olfactory cues. We presented elephants with samples of earth mixed with urine from female conspecifics that were either kin or unrelated to them, and either unexpected or highly predictable at that location. From behavioural measurements of the elephants' reactions, we show that African elephants can recognize up to 17 females and possibly up to 30 family members from cues present in the urine–earth mix, and that they keep track of the location of these individuals in relation to themselves.

scholarly journals Responses of African elephants towards a bee threat: Its application in mitigating human–elephant conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mduduzi Ndlovu ◽  
Emma Devereux ◽  
Melissa Chieffe ◽  
Kendra Asklof ◽  
Alicia Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Defensive Behaviours ◽  
Southern Section

Abstract Human settlement expansion into elephant ranges, as well as increasing elephant populations within confined areas has led to heightened levels of human–elephant conflict in southern African communities living near protected areas. Several methods to mitigate this conflict have been suggested including the use of bees as an elephant deterrent. We investigated whether bee auditory and olfactory cues (as surrogates for live bees) could be used to effectively deter elephants. We evaluated the responses of elephants in the southern section of the Kruger National Park to five different treatments: (1) control noise, (2) buzzing bee noise, (3) control noise with honey scent, (4) honey scent, and (5) bee noise with honey scent. Elephants did not respond or displayed less heightened responses to the first four treatments. All elephants exposed to the bee noise with honey scent responded with defensive behaviours and 15 out of 21 individuals also fled. We concluded that buzzing bees or honey scent as isolated treatments (as may be the case with dormant beehives) were not effective elephant deterrents, but rather an active beehive emitting a combination of auditory and olfactory cues was a viable deterrent. However, mismatches in the timing of elephant raids and activity of bees may limit the use of bees in mitigating the prevailing human–elephant conflict.

Love at first sniff: Testosterone and olfactory cues of attraction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Gildersleeve ◽  
Marc B. Setterlund
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues

scholarly journals Aldehyde-specific responses of olfactory sensory neurons in the praying mantis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Ezaki ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Thomas Carle ◽  
Hidehiro Watanabe ◽  
Fumio Yokohari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Pheromonal Communication ◽  
Class B ◽  
Excitatory Responses

AbstractAlthough praying mantises rely mainly on vision for predatory behaviours, olfaction also plays a critical role in feeding and mating behaviours. However, the receptive processes underlying olfactory signals remain unclear. Here, we identified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are highly tuned to detect aldehydes in the mantis Tenodera aridifolia. In extracellular recordings from OSNs in basiconic sensilla on the antennae, we observed three different spike shapes, indicating that at least three OSNs are housed in a single basiconic sensillum. Unexpectedly, one of the three OSNs exhibited strong excitatory responses to a set of aldehydes. Based on the similarities of the response spectra to 15 different aldehydes, the aldehyde-specific OSNs were classified into three classes: B, S, and M. Class B broadly responded to most aldehydes used as stimulants; class S responded to short-chain aldehydes (C3–C7); and class M responded to middle-length chain aldehydes (C6–C9). Thus, aldehyde molecules can be finely discriminated based on the activity patterns of a population of OSNs. Because many insects emit aldehydes for pheromonal communication, mantises might use aldehydes as olfactory cues for locating prey habitat.

scholarly journals Emotional States of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) Kept for Animal–Visitor Interactions, as Perceived by People Differing in Age and Knowledge of the Species

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Ilaria Pollastri ◽  
Simona Normando ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
Gregory Vogt ◽  
Donatella Gelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Degree Of Separation

This study aimed to investigate how three groups of people of differing ages, and with differing knowledge of the species, perceived the emotional state of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) managed in captive and semi-captive environments. Fifteen video-clips of 18 elephants, observed during three different daily routines (release from and return to the night boma; interactions with visitors), were used for a free choice profiling assessment (FCP) and then analyzed with quantitative methods. A general Procrustes analysis identified two main descriptive dimensions of elephant behavioral expression explaining 27% and 19% of the variability in the children group, 19% and 23.7% in adults, and 21.8% and 17% in the expert group. All the descriptors the observers came up with showed a low level of correlation on the identified dimensions. All three observers’ groups showed a degree of separation between captive and semi-captive management. Spearman analyses showed that stereotypic “trunk swirling” behavior correlated negatively with first dimension (free/friendly versus sad/bored) in the children’s group; second dimension (agitated/confident versus angry/bored) amongst the adults; and first dimension (active/excited versus agitated/bored) amongst the experts. More studies are needed to investigate other potential differences in assessing elephants’ emotional states by visitors of different ages and backgrounds.

Female lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) recognize their mates based on olfactory cues

2021 ◽  
pp. 104419
Author(s):  
Tingting Lin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Siping Li
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Hippocampus Erectus

scholarly journals Do Repugnant Scents Increase Survival of Ground Nests? A Test with Artificial and Natural Duck Nests

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Harriman ◽  
Justin A. Pitt ◽  
Serge Larivière
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Predation Rates

Ground-nesting birds typically experience high predation rates on their nests, often by mammalian predators. As such, researchers and wildlife managers have employed numerous techniques to mitigate nest predation. We investigated the use of scents as repellents to deter predators from both artificial and natural ground nests. Survival rates of artificial nests did not differ among six groups of substances (Wald ?2 df = 5 = 4.53, P < 0.48); however the chronology of predation among groups differed. A commercial Coyote urine based deterrent (DEER-D-TERTM), human hair, and Worcestershire sauce were depredated faster than the control (F4,5 = 40.3, P < 0.001). Nest survival of natural nests differed among those groups tested (Wald ?2 df = 2 = 11.8, P < 0.005); the eight mothball treatment decreased survival (Wald ?2 df = 1 = 11.5, P < 0.005), which indicated that novel smells may attract predators or result in duck nest abandonment when coupled with natural duck scent. Chronologies of predation events among treatment groups were not different for natural nests (F2,3 = 1.9, P = 0.22). These findings indicate an interaction between novel scents and predator olfactory cues.

Key Olfactory Cues for Beer Oxidation

Cerevisia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
L.T. Lusk ◽  
S.B. Kay ◽  
A. Porubcan ◽  
D.S. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Cues

Immobilization of African Elephants with Carfentanil and Antagonism with Nalmefene and Diprenorphine

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott R. Jacobson ◽  
George V. Kollias ◽  
Darryl J. Heard ◽  
Randolph Caligiuri
Keyword(s):  
African Elephants
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