scholarly journals Dynamic relationships between phonological memory and reading: A five year longitudinal study from age 4 to 9

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Cunningham ◽  
Adrian P. Burgess ◽  
Caroline Witton ◽  
Joel B. Talcott ◽  
Laura R. Shapiro
1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Gathercole ◽  
Catherine S. Willis ◽  
Hazel Emslie ◽  
Alan D. Baddeley

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Stephan Collishaw ◽  
Andrew Pickles

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.


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