Prenatal drug exposure as a risk factor for cerebral palsy and other developmental deficits

With increasing frequency, psychotropic medications are being prescribed to young children, often for long periods of time. The interaction between psychotropics and the developing brain has not been systematically investigated in humans. Data collected from animals suggest that developing neurotransmitter systems can be exquisitely sensitive to early inhibition or stimulation by pharmacological agents, which can lead to permanent changes in adult life. Most of these data are collected from rodents, and their extrapolation to humans is difficult. More relevant models could be developed, for instance using primates. In humans, the focus of research has traditionally been on the possible teratogenic effects of prenatal drug exposure. Recently introduced quantitative imaging techniques can offer new approaches to studying the effects of psychotropics on the developing brain. This research has clear implications for the safety and efficacy of psychopharmacologic drug use in children.

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Intelligence and School Readiness in Preschool Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure

Child Neuropsychology ◽

10.1080/09297040490911104 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 89-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Margaret B. Pulsifer ◽

Krestin Radonovich ◽

Harolyn M.E. Belcher ◽

Arlene M. Butz

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

School Readiness ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Prenatal Drug Exposure

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Gross motor dysfunction as a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in children with cerebral palsy

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.5.2017.229-33 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cut Nurul Hafifah ◽

Darmawan Budi Setyanto ◽

Sukman Tulus Putra ◽

Irawan Mangunatmadja ◽

Teny Tjitra Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Aspiration Pneumonia ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Silent Aspiration ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Chest X Ray

Background Respiratory problems, such as aspiration pneumonia, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and greatly affect the quality of life of these children. Nevertheless, there is limited data on the incidence and risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in children with CP in Indonesia. Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in children with cerebral palsy.Methods In children with CP aged 1-18 years, incidence of pneumonia was studied prospectively for 6 months and the prevalence of the risk factors was studied cross-sectionally. At baseline, we evaluated subjects’ by history-taking, physical examination, risk factors, and chest X-ray to assess the incidence of silent aspiration. Subjects were followed-up for six months to determine the incidence of overt or silent aspiration pneumonia.Results Eight out of 36 subjects had one or more episodes of aspiration, consisting of silent aspiration (2/36) and clinically diagnosed aspiration pneumonia (7/36). Subjects with more severe gross motor dysfunction experienced more episodes aspiration pneumonia, although it was not statistically significant (p = 0.06), while dysphagia (P=0.2) and nutritional status (P=0.11) were not associated with pneumonia or silent aspiration.Conclusion Twenty-five percent of children with CP experienced aspiration pneumonia during the 6-month study period, with gross motor dysfunction as a possible risk factor.

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Monitoring pregnancy outcomes following prenatal drug exposure through prospective pregnancy registries and passive surveillance: a pharmaceutical company commitment

Primary Care Update for OB/GYNS ◽

10.1016/s1068-607x(98)00115-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 190-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robbin R. Eldridge ◽

Sara A. Ephross ◽

Cindy R. Heffner ◽

Patricia S. Tennis ◽

Dr.Monika Stender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Company ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Drug Exposure ◽

Prenatal Drug Exposure ◽

Passive Surveillance

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Faktor Risiko Prenatal Perinatal Dan Postnatal Pada Kejadian Cerebral Palsy

Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37341/interest.v8i2.177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 204-209

Author(s):

Bambang Trisnowiyanto ◽

Yohanes Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Spastic Diplegia ◽

Prenatal Risk ◽

Prenatal Risk Factors ◽

Spastic Hemiplegia ◽

Postnatal Risk Factors ◽

Observational Descriptive Study

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a disability disorder motor motorization is most common in children with a prevalence of 2-3 per 1000 live births. The term CP is explained as a group of movement and posture disorders that are often accompanied by impaired sensation, perception, cognition, communication, behavior, epilepsy, and secondary disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Disorders of CP occur in the immature central nervous system with non-progressive traits occurring in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal period. Methods: The purpose of this study is to determine how much prenatal risk factors, perinatal, and postnatal events in CP at the Kitty Center Clinic in Jakarta for 5 year (2013 - 2017). Result: An observational descriptive study, which described prenatal perinatal, and postnatal risk factors for CP events at the Kitty Center Clinic in Jakarta for a period of 5 years (2013-2017) with a total of 523 study subjects. Based on the analysis of data obtained, based on the type of CP 35% quadripelgia spastic, 36% spastic diplegia, 6% spastic hemiplegia, 9% athetosis, and 14% hypotonia. Based on sex 62% are men, and 38% are women with a ratio of 1.6: 1.0. Based on the age of the child 11% <2 years, 34% 3-6 years, 33% 7-12 years, and 22%13-18 years. Conclusion: Based on risk factors of 62% prenatal, 25% perinatal, and 12% postnatal. Prenatal risk factor is the biggest risk factor as much as 62% which causes Cerebral Palsy at the Kitty Center Clinic in Jakarta.

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