The effects of individual tree species on species diversity in a tropical dry forest change throughout ontogeny

Ecography ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Espinosa ◽  
M. de la Cruz ◽  
A. Jara-Guerrero ◽  
E. Gusmán ◽  
A. Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Individual Tree

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity, Composition and Aboveground Biomass Across Dry Forest Land-Cover Types in Coastal Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292199541
Author(s):  
Xavier Haro-Carrión ◽  
Bette Loiselle ◽  
Francis E. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

Tropical dry forests (TDF) are highly threatened ecosystems that are often fragmented due to land-cover change. Using plot inventories, we analyzed tree species diversity, community composition and aboveground biomass patterns across mature (MF) and secondary forests of about 25 years since cattle ranching ceased (SF), 10–20-year-old plantations (PL), and pastures in a TDF landscape in Ecuador. Tree diversity was highest in MF followed by SF, pastures and PL, but many endemic and endangered species occurred in both MF and SF, which demonstrates the importance of SF for species conservation. Stem density was higher in PL, followed by SF, MF and pastures. Community composition differed between MF and SF due to the presence of different specialist species. Some SF specialists also occurred in pastures, and all species found in pastures were also recorded in SF indicating a resemblance between these two land-cover types even after 25 years of succession. Aboveground biomass was highest in MF, but SF and Tectona grandis PL exhibited similar numbers followed by Schizolobium parahyba PL, Ochroma pyramidale PL and pastures. These findings indicate that although species-poor, some PL equal or surpass SF in aboveground biomass, which highlights the critical importance of incorporating biodiversity, among other ecosystem services, to carbon sequestration initiatives. This research contributes to understanding biodiversity conservation across a mosaic of land-cover types in a TDF landscape.

scholarly journals Identification of spectral features in the longwave infrared (LWIR) spectra of leaves for the discrimination of tropical dry forest tree species

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 102286
Author(s):  
Yaqian Long ◽  
Benoit Rivard ◽  
Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa ◽  
Russell Greiner ◽  
Dominica Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Forest Tree Species

scholarly journals Drought responses by individual tree species are not often correlated with tree species diversity in European forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1725-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Forrester ◽  
Damien Bonal ◽  
Seid Dawud ◽  
Arthur Gessler ◽  
André Granier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
European Forests

scholarly journals Deep Learning Approaches for the Mapping of Tree Species Diversity in a Tropical Wetland Using Airborne LiDAR and High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Jianfeng Huang ◽  
Zurui Ao ◽  
Dazhao Lao ◽  
Qinchuan Xin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Rgb Images

The monitoring of tree species diversity is important for forest or wetland ecosystem service maintenance or resource management. Remote sensing is an efficient alternative to traditional field work to map tree species diversity over large areas. Previous studies have used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral or multispectral remote sensing) for species richness prediction. The recent development of very high spatial resolution (VHR) RGB images has enabled detailed characterization of canopies and forest structures. In this study, we developed a three-step workflow for mapping tree species diversity, the aim of which was to increase knowledge of tree species diversity assessment using deep learning in a tropical wetland (Haizhu Wetland) in South China based on VHR-RGB images and LiDAR points. Firstly, individual trees were detected based on a canopy height model (CHM, derived from LiDAR points) by the local-maxima-based method in the FUSION software (Version 3.70, Seattle, USA). Then, tree species at the individual tree level were identified via a patch-based image input method, which cropped the RGB images into small patches (the individually detected trees) based on the tree apexes detected. Three different deep learning methods (i.e., AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet50) were modified to classify the tree species, as they can make good use of the spatial context information. Finally, four diversity indices, namely, the Margalef richness index, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, the Simpson diversity index, and the Pielou evenness index, were calculated from the fixed subset with a size of 30 × 30 m for assessment. In the classification phase, VGG16 had the best performance, with an overall accuracy of 73.25% for 18 tree species. Based on the classification results, mapping of tree species diversity showed reasonable agreement with field survey data (R2Margalef = 0.4562, root-mean-square error RMSEMargalef = 0.5629; R2Shannon–Wiener = 0.7948, RMSEShannon–Wiener = 0.7202; R2Simpson = 0.7907, RMSESimpson = 0.1038; and R2Pielou = 0.5875, RMSEPielou = 0.3053). While challenges remain for individual tree detection and species classification, the deep-learning-based solution shows potential for mapping tree species diversity.

Effect of host-bark extracts on seed germination in Tillandsia recurvata, an epiphytic bromeliad

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Valencia-Díaz ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
Verónica Rodríguez-López ◽  
Elsa Ventura-Zapata ◽  
Antonio R. Jiménez-Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Biased Distribution

Abstract:Tree species are potential hosts for epiphytes; however in some forests epiphytes have a biased distribution among hosts. In a tropical dry forest of Mexico, previous research showed that there are trees with few epiphytes. It is possible that the bark of these hosts contain allelochemicals that influence epiphyte seed germination. The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether hosts with low epiphyte abundance (Ipomoea murucoides, I. pauciflora and Lysiloma acapulcense) would inhibit seed germination of Tillandsia recurvata through aqueous and organic bark extracts, (2) to determine whether germination of T. recurvata would differ among the hosts with low epiphyte abundance and a host with high epiphyte abundance (Bursera copallifera) and (3) to relate the chemical composition of organic bark extracts with inhibition of T. recurvata seed germination. Hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts were partially chemically characterized. Total phenolics and flavonoids concentrations of methanolic extracts were analysed. Aqueous and organic bark extracts from hosts with few epiphytes inhibited T. recurvata seed germination. Aqueous and dichloromethanic extracts of B. copallifera inhibited slightly the germination of T. recurvata. There was a positive correlation between concentration of flavonoids and inhibition of seed germination. Results suggest that a combination of compounds may be responsible for affecting the germination of T. recurvata. This study demonstrates the chemical effect of aqueous and organic bark extracts from hosts on germination of an epiphytic bromeliad.

scholarly journals Preparing seedlings for dry spells: drought acclimation in the seedlings of two tree species of a seasonal tropical dry forest

Flora ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151967
Author(s):  
Jorge Roberto Blanco-Martínez ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Irene Pisanty-Baruch ◽  
Alma Orozco-Segovia ◽  
Ivonne Reyes-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Drought Acclimation ◽  
Dry Spells
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