The role of host patch characteristics and dispersal capability in distribution and abundance of Arhopalus rusticus in central Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano P. Grilli ◽  
Romina Fachinetti
Keyword(s):  
Central Argentina ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Patch Characteristics ◽  
Host Patch

The effects of dehydration and local soil on parasite recovery: A preliminary paleoparasitological evaluation on experimental coprolites

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110499
Author(s):  
Darío Alejandro Ramirez ◽  
Mariana Fabra ◽  
Samanta Xavier ◽  
Alena Mayo Iñiguez
Keyword(s):  
Equal Mass ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
First Time ◽  
Taphonomic Processes

Experimental paleoparasitological approaches have been used in order to optimize the methodology previously to the application in archeological samples. In this study we evaluated the action of dehydration and local soil (Central Argentina) on the loss of parasite eggs in experimental coprolites, using two parasitological techniques: spontaneous sedimentation and sucrose-flotation. Experimental coprolites comprised fresh human feces, positive for Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris sp., and Enterobius vermicularis, submitted to controlled artificial dehydration. Experimental coprolites with soil addition were prepared by mixing archeological sediment with equal mass of fresh feces. Helminth eggs were counted and eggs per gram were estimated in each subsample. Statistical analyses were applied to compare subsamples before and after desiccation and with and without addition of soil sediment. The performance of parasitological methods statistically differed, the sucrose flotation technique being the less effective when fresh feces and experimental coprolites were analyzed. Partial deformation of eggs was observed via both techniques only in subsamples containing H. nana eggs. However, this was not seen in Ascaris sp. subsamples, possibly due to eggshell composition. We found that sample desiccation significantly decreased the number of eggs in the experimental coprolites. Mixing archeological sediment with the fecal material also resulted in significantly fewer eggs surviving, independent of desiccation. This shows that climate and soil in which archeological fecal samples are found can strongly influence the survival of parasite eggs from past populations. The small amount of parasite evidence often found in paleoparasitological analyses, including Central Argentina, could be attributed to the action of taphonomic processes rather than to the real absence of infection in these ancient populations. Importantly, the study highlights the role of local soil, confirmed for the first time by empirical data. The research provides valuable insights into the understanding of the paleoparasitological results of the region and of general paleoparasitology.

scholarly journals Individually mark-mass release-resight study elucidates effects of patch characteristics and distance on host patch location by an insect herbivore

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZEYNEP SEZEN ◽  
DEREK M. JOHNSON ◽  
KATRIONA SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Mass Release ◽  
Patch Characteristics ◽  
Host Patch

Sex-allocation behaviour of a solitary ectoparasitoid: effects of host-patch characteristics and female density

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gauthier ◽  
Jean-Paul Monge ◽  
Jacques Huignard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Patch Characteristics ◽  
Host Patch

scholarly journals The Role of Small Woodland Remnants on Ground Dwelling Insect Conservation in Chaco Serrano, Central Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Moreno ◽  
María Guadalupe Fernández ◽  
Silvia Itati Molina ◽  
Graciela Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Insect Conservation ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano

Biogeography and paleobiology

Paleobiology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jablonski ◽  
Karl W. Flessa ◽  
James W. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Direct Products ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Biotic Diversity ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Selection For

In the past decade paleobiologists have applied the techniques of both ecological and historical biogeography, although vicariance/cladistic approaches have as yet had minimal impact. The traditional focus of paleobiogeographic study has been the province, a statistical entity defined by clusters of range endpoints of individual taxa. The study of such provinces has been useful in inferring past continental positions (although ambiguities remain that must be resolved using independent geological criteria) and in understanding the role of past global geographies in regulating biotic diversity through changes in the numbers and extent of provinces. This approach can be complemented by the treatment of geographic ranges of taxa as irreducible or emergent traits with far-reaching evolutionary effects upward and downward within a genealogical hierarchy. Temperature tolerances in benthic marine organisms appear to be by-products of selection for enzyme structures imparting favorable activity levels within the normal temperature range rather than direct products of selection for resistance to temperature extremes. Thus geographic range endpoints, which are also influenced by dispersal capability and the resulting scale of gene flow among disjunct populations, are not direct products of selection. However, the magnitudes of geographic ranges of species and clades behave as emergent properties and significantly influence taxonomic survivorship during background and mass extinctions in ways that are not extrapolations of effects at lower hierarchical levels. Biogeography shapes macroevolutionary patterns of origination and extinction during times of normal, background extinction and mass extinction. Preferential extinction among regions or among endemic rather than widespread clades can result in strong biases in the nature of the survivors of mass extinctions, with taxa being lost not because of selection against attributes of individual organisms but because of higher-order patterns of geographic selectivity.

Environmental determinants of the small mammal assemblage in an agroecosystem of central Argentina: The role of Calomys musculinus

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Simone ◽  
Francesca Cagnacci ◽  
Cecilia Provensal ◽  
Jaime Polop
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Calomys Musculinus

scholarly journals Vadose zone transport in dry forests of central Argentina: Role of land use

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Santoni ◽  
E. G. Jobbágy ◽  
S. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Central Argentina

Dispersal capability in a habitat specialist bush cricket: the role of population density and habitat moisture

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINIK PONIATOWSKI ◽  
THOMAS FARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Habitat Specialist ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Bush Cricket

The role of frugivorous birds in fruit removal and seed germination of the invasive alienCotoneaster franchetiiin central Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Díaz Vélez ◽  
Alicia N. Sérsic ◽  
Anna Traveset ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Central Argentina

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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