The role of frugivorous birds in fruit removal and seed germination of the invasive alienCotoneaster franchetiiin central Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
María C. Díaz Vélez ◽  
Alicia N. Sérsic ◽  
Anna Traveset ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Central Argentina

Dispersal of mimetic seeds of three species of Ormosia (Leguminosae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes S. Foster ◽  
Linda S. Delay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

ABSTRACT. Seeds with ‘imitation arils’ appear wholly or partially covered by pulp or aril but actually carry no fleshy material. The mimetic seed hypothesis to explain this phenomenon proposes a parasitic relationship in which birds are deceived into dispersing seeds that resemble bird-dispersed fruits, without receiving a nutrient reward. The hard-seed for grit hypothesis proposes a mutualistic relationship in which large, terrestrial birds swallow the exceptionally hard mimetic seeds as grit for grinding the softer seeds on which they feed. They defecate, dispersing the seeds, and abrade the seed surface, enhancing germination. Any fruit mimicry is incidental. Fruiting trees of Ormosia spp. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) were observed to ascertain mechanisms of seed dispersal and the role of seemingly mimetic characteristics of the seeds in that dispersal. Seed predation and seed germination were also examined. Ormosia isthamensis and O. macrocalyx (but not O. bopiensis) deceived arboreally-foraging frugivorous birds into taking their mimetic seeds, although rates of seed dispersal were low. These results are consistent with the mimetic seed hypothesis. On the other hand, the rates of disappearance of seeds from the ground under the Ormosia trees, hardness of the seeds, and enhancement of germination with the abrasion of the seed coat are all consistent with the hard-seed for grit hypothesis. RESUMEN. Semillas con arilos falsos aparecen estar cubiertas en parte o completamente por pulpa o arilo, pero en realidad no llevan ninguna materia carnosa. El hipótesis semilla mímica propone que las semillas parecen frutos carnosos cuyas semillas están dispersadas por aves y que engañan las aves a dispersar sus semillas sin recibir una recompensa nutritiva — una relación parasítica. El hipótesis semilla dura para arenisca propone que aves grandes y terrestres tragan las semillas mímicas y excepcionalmente duras como arenisca para moler las semillas más suaves en que se alimentan; las aves defecan y dispersan las semillas, y las rascan, lo cual mejora la germinación — una relación mutua. Cualquier mimetismo es incidente. Se observaron árboles de Ormosia espp. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) con frutos para averiguar los mecanismos de dispersión de semillas y el papel que hacen las características aparentemente mímicas de sus semillas en esa dispersión. Se examinaron también la depredación y germinación de semillas. Las semillas mímicas de Ormosia isthamensis y O. macrocalyx (pero no O. bopiensis), engañaron aves frugivoras y arbóreas en comerlas, aunque las tasas de dispersión eran bajas. Estos resultados son consistente con el hipótesis semilla mímica. En cambio, las tasas de desaparición de semillas caídas de Ormosia, dureza de las semillas, y mejoramiento de germinación con la raedura de las capas de las semillas son consistente con el hipótesis semilla dura para arenisca.

scholarly journals Mobilization and Role of Starch, Protein, and Fat Reserves during Seed Germination of Six Wild Grassland Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Hongxiang Zhang ◽  
Hong Yan ◽  
Lu Qiu ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Fat Reserves

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SEASONALITY OF BURN ON SEED GERMINATION IN CHAPARRAL: THE ROLE OF SOIL MOISTURE

Madroño ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Le Fer ◽  
V. Thomas Parker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination

The effects of dehydration and local soil on parasite recovery: A preliminary paleoparasitological evaluation on experimental coprolites

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110499
Author(s):  
Darío Alejandro Ramirez ◽  
Mariana Fabra ◽  
Samanta Xavier ◽  
Alena Mayo Iñiguez
Keyword(s):  
Equal Mass ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
First Time ◽  
Taphonomic Processes

Experimental paleoparasitological approaches have been used in order to optimize the methodology previously to the application in archeological samples. In this study we evaluated the action of dehydration and local soil (Central Argentina) on the loss of parasite eggs in experimental coprolites, using two parasitological techniques: spontaneous sedimentation and sucrose-flotation. Experimental coprolites comprised fresh human feces, positive for Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris sp., and Enterobius vermicularis, submitted to controlled artificial dehydration. Experimental coprolites with soil addition were prepared by mixing archeological sediment with equal mass of fresh feces. Helminth eggs were counted and eggs per gram were estimated in each subsample. Statistical analyses were applied to compare subsamples before and after desiccation and with and without addition of soil sediment. The performance of parasitological methods statistically differed, the sucrose flotation technique being the less effective when fresh feces and experimental coprolites were analyzed. Partial deformation of eggs was observed via both techniques only in subsamples containing H. nana eggs. However, this was not seen in Ascaris sp. subsamples, possibly due to eggshell composition. We found that sample desiccation significantly decreased the number of eggs in the experimental coprolites. Mixing archeological sediment with the fecal material also resulted in significantly fewer eggs surviving, independent of desiccation. This shows that climate and soil in which archeological fecal samples are found can strongly influence the survival of parasite eggs from past populations. The small amount of parasite evidence often found in paleoparasitological analyses, including Central Argentina, could be attributed to the action of taphonomic processes rather than to the real absence of infection in these ancient populations. Importantly, the study highlights the role of local soil, confirmed for the first time by empirical data. The research provides valuable insights into the understanding of the paleoparasitological results of the region and of general paleoparasitology.

scholarly journals Role of AgNPs in the enhancement of seed germination and its effect on plumule and radicle length of Pennisetum glaucum

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shital Vishnu Sable ◽  
Suvidya Ranade ◽  
Satyawati Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Radicle Length

scholarly journals The role of temperature in the seed germination of two species of theSolanum nigrumcomplex

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2087-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. del Monte ◽  
A.M. Tarquis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

scholarly journals The signalling role of ROS in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (20) ◽  
pp. 3019-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Spatiotemporal Regulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Hormone Signalling

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile compounds which can have toxic or signalling effects in a wide range living organisms, including seeds. They have been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy but their mechanisms of action are still far from being fully understood. In this review, we sum-up the major findings that have been carried out this last decade in this field of research and which altogether shed a new light on the signalling roles of ROS in seed physiology. ROS participate in dormancy release during seed dry storage through the direct oxidation of a subset of biomolecules. During seed imbibition, the controlled generation of ROS is involved in the perception and transduction of environmental conditions that control germination. When these conditions are permissive for germination, ROS levels are maintained at a level which triggers cellular events associated with germination, such as hormone signalling. Here we propose that the spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production acts in concert with hormone signalling to regulate the cellular events involved in cell expansion associated with germination.

scholarly journals Role of seed germination in adaptation and reproductive isolation in Arabidopsis lyrata

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3484-3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Hämälä ◽  
Tiina M. Mattila ◽  
Päivi H. Leinonen ◽  
Helmi Kuittinen ◽  
Outi Savolainen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata

Особенности концентрационного влияния гидротермального нанокремнезема при предпосевной обработке семян растений на показатели биомассы и высоты ростков при проращивании в темноте

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
В.Н. Зеленков ◽  
В.В. Латушкин ◽  
В.В. Потапов ◽  
В.В. Карпачев ◽  
В.М. Косолапов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Plants

В работе представлены результаты скрининговых исследований 14 сельскохозяйственных растений с отличающимися биологическими и хозяйственно-полезными свойствами (17 генотипов, включая разные виды, сорта и гибриды) по оценке влияния гидротермального нанокремнезема на биомассу и высоту ростков при темновом проращивании. Выявлено четыре основных типа отклика (реакции) растений в изученном диапазоне концентраций (0,05; 0,01; 0,005; 0,001 и 0,0005%). Данные закономерности характерны как для показателя биомассы ростков, так и их высоты. Отмечена существенная роль генетического и эпигенетического факторов в формировании отзывчивости растений на применение гидротермального нанокремнезема при проращивании семян. The research presents the results of screening studies of 14 agricultural plants with different biological and useful economic properties (17 genotypes, including different species, varieties, and hybrids) to assess the effect of hydrothermal nanosilica on biomass and sprout height in the dark growth germination. Four main types of plant response were revealed in the studied concentration range (0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.0005%). These dependencies are characteristic both of the biomass sprout indicator and of the sprout height. The essential role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the formation of the plant response when using hydrothermal nanosilica in seed germination is pointed out.

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