scholarly journals Meta‐analysis shows the evidence for context‐dependent mating behaviour is inconsistent or weak across animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam R. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Meta-analysis shows that context-dependent mating behaviour is inconsistent or weak across animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam R. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sexual Signalling ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Density Population

AbstractAnimals often need to invest significantly in mating behaviour in order to successfully mate. However, the expression of mating behaviour can be costly, especially in unfavourable environments, so animals are expected to adjust their behaviour in a context-dependent way to mitigate these costs. I systematically searched the literature for studies measuring animal mating behaviour (sexual signalling, response to sexual signals, or the strength of mate choice) in more than one environment, and used a phylogenetically-controlled meta-analysis to identify environmental factors influencing these behaviours. Across 222 studies, the strength of mate choice was significantly context-dependent, and most influenced by population density, population sex ratio, and predation risk. However, the average effect sizes were typically small. The amount of sexual signalling and the strength of response to sexual signals were not significantly related to the environment. Overall, this suggests that the evidence for context-dependent mating behaviour across animals is surprisingly weak.

scholarly journals Restoration Enhances Wetland Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Supply, but Results Are Context-Dependent: A Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e93507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Meli ◽  
José María Rey Benayas ◽  
Patricia Balvanera ◽  
Miguel Martínez Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wetland Biodiversity ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals The effect of prominence and cue association on retrieval processes: A computational account

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Engelmann ◽  
Lena A. Jäger ◽  
Shravan Vasishth
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Retrieval Interference ◽  
Partial Success

We present a comprehensive empirical evaluation of the ACT-R-based model of sentence processing developed by Lewis & Vasishth (2005) (LV05). The predictions of the model are compared with the results of a recent meta-analysis of published reading studies on retrieval interference in reflexive-/reciprocal-antecedent and subject-verb dependencies (Jäger, Engelmann, & Vasishth, 2017). The comparison shows that the model has only partial success in explaining the data; and we propose that its prediction space is restricted by oversimplifying assumptions. We then implement a revised model that takes into account differences between individual experimental designs in terms of the prominence of the target and the distractor in memory and context-dependent cue-feature associations. The predictions of the original and the revised model are quantitatively compared with the results of the meta-analysis. Our simulations show that, compared to the original LV05 model, the revised model accounts for the data better. The results suggest that effects of prominence and variable cue-feature associations need to be considered in the interpretation of existing empirical results and in the design and planning of future experiments. With regard to retrieval interference in sentence processing and to the broader field of psycholinguistic studies, we conclude that well-specified models in tandem with high-powered experiments are needed in order to uncover the underlying cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Measuring context-dependent memory in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of important variables in the object-in-context task.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Sep ◽  
Marijn Vellinga ◽  
R. Angela Sarabdjitsingh ◽  
Marian Joëls
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Learning Trials

Environmental information plays an important role in remembering events. Information about stable aspects of the environment (here referred to as ‘context’) and the event are combined by the hippocampal system and stored as context-dependent memory. In rodents (such as rats and mice), context-dependent memory is often investigated with the object-in-context task. However, the implementation and interpretation of this task varies considerably across studies. This variation hampers the comparison between studies and - for those who design a new experiment or carry out pilot experiments – the estimation of whether observed behavior is within the expected range. Also, it is currently unclear which of the variables critically influence the outcome of the task. To address these issues, we carried out a preregistered systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020191340) and provide an up-to-date overview of the animal-, task-, and protocol-related variations in the object-in-context task for rodents. Using a data-driven explorative meta-analysis we next identified critical factors influencing the outcome of this task, such as sex, testbox size and the delay between the learning trials. Based on these observations we provide recommendations to create more consensus in the set-up, procedure and interpretation of the object-in-context task for rodents. This could contribute to a more robust and evidence-based design in future animal experiments.

scholarly journals The meaning of respect under varying context conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-552
Author(s):  
Christoph Daniel Schaefer ◽  
Steffen Zitzmann ◽  
Lukas Loreth ◽  
Julian Paffrath ◽  
Hilmar Grabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Majority Groups ◽  
Legal Force

The concept of respect figures prominently in several theories on intergroup relations. Previous studies suggested that the experience of being respected is primarily related to the feeling of being recognized as an equal, as opposed to social recognition of needs or achievements. Those studies focused, however, on either minority groups or ad hoc groups, thereby possibly giving equality recognition an advantage. This article extends previous findings by comparing societal groups situated in various contexts. We examined eight groups from four countries. We anticipated and found that the link between respect and equality recognition was stronger for groups that are in the position of minorities compared to groups associated with majorities. Owing to the moral and legal force of the norm of equality, disadvantaged minorities in particular might be able to improve their societal position by founding their claims on the equality principle. Need recognition, in contrast, was less influential for minority groups than for majority groups. While we observed these context-dependent variations, an internal meta-analysis showed that feeling recognized as an equal was, overall, the strongest indicator for feeling respected. This suggests that demands for respect could often be addressed by establishing relationships in society that are based on mutual recognition as equals, while the implications of achievement and need recognition should additionally be considered in specific contexts.

Service characteristics’ impact on key service quality relationships: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulda G. Black ◽  
Carla Y. Childers ◽  
Leslie H. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive examination of the nuances of service quality (SQ) relationships using meta-analytic techniques. Design/methodology/approach – The data set comprises 108 empirical studies with 222 independent samples. The authors use a multivariate generalized least squares approach to examining the impact of key moderators on SQ relationships. Findings – This research confirms previously established relationships between SQ and its correlates and contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of those relationships by providing empirical evidence that SQ is context-dependent. This research shows that a service’s level of inseparability, customization, standardization and technical complexity impacts key SQ relationships. Research limitations/implications – This research finds that SQ is context-dependent. The antecedents examined were more significant for transactional exchanges, while the consequences of SQ were stronger for relational exchanges. Future research should explore this difference and investigate other correlates that could impact transactional versus relational exchanges. The present research is limited in that it could only examine correlates of SQ that have been frequently studied in the literature. Practical implications – This research helps managers understand how the characteristics of their organizations impact the role SQ has on key outcomes. Firms desiring to maximize the impact of SQ must first consider the characteristics of their organizations to understand what combination of attributes is most beneficial. For example, this research found that SQ is a significant driver of financial performance when the service is customized, high-tech or relational. Managers in these types of organizations can impact their bottom line by focusing on perceived SQ. Originality/value – This meta-analysis is the first to include both the antecedents and outcomes of SQ. The current research offers a comprehensive examination of various service characteristics and their impact on SQ relationships.

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