scholarly journals Evidence for convergent evolution of host parasitic manipulation in response to environmental conditions

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2144-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel G. Loreto ◽  
João P. M. Araújo ◽  
Ryan M. Kepler ◽  
Kimberly R. Fleming ◽  
Corrie S. Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Parasitic Manipulation

scholarly journals Classification and regression tree (CART) analyses of genomic signatures reveal sets of tetramers that discriminate temperature optima of archaea and bacteria

Archaea ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsey Dexter Dyer ◽  
Michael J. Kahn ◽  
Mark D. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Genomic Signatures ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Classification And Regression ◽  
Temperature Optima

Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to genome-wide tetranucleotide frequencies (genomic signatures) of 195 archaea and bacteria. Although genomic signatures have typically been used to classify evolutionary divergence, in this study, convergent evolution was the focus. Temperature optima for most of the organisms examined could be distinguished by CART analyses of tetranucleotide frequencies. This suggests that pervasive (nonlinear) qualities of genomes may reflect certain environmental conditions (such as temperature) in which those genomes evolved. The predominant use of GAGA and AGGA as the discriminating tetramers in CART models suggests that purine-loading and codon biases of thermophiles may explain some of the results.

scholarly journals Evidence for convergent evolution of host parasitic manipulation in response to environmental conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel G. Loreto ◽  
João P.M. Araújo ◽  
Ryan M. Kepler ◽  
Kimberly R. Fleming ◽  
Corrie S. Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Model System ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Parasitic Manipulation

AbstractEnvironmental conditions exert strong selection on animal behavior. We tested the hypothesis that the altered behavior of hosts due to parasitic manipulation is also subject to selection imposed by changes in environmental conditions over time. Our model system is ants manipulated by parasitic fungi to bite onto vegetation. We analyzed the correlation between forest type (tropical vs. temperate) and biting substrate (leaf vs. twigs), the time required for the fungi to reach reproductive maturity, and the phylogenetic relationship among specimens from tropical and temperate forests in different parts of the globe. We show that the fungal development in temperate forest is longer than the period of time leaves are present and the ants are manipulated to bite twigs. When biting twigs, 90% of the we examined dead ants had their legs wrapped around twigs, which appears to provide better attachment to the plant. Ancestral state character reconstruction suggests that the leaf biting is the ancestral trait and that twig biting is a convergent trait in temperate regions of the globe. These three lines of evidence suggest that changes in environmental conditions have shaped the manipulative behavior of the host by its parasite.

Homeomorphy in Paleozoic bryozoans: a search for explanations

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Key Innovation

Many apparent homeomorphs have been recognized among genera assigned to the Paleozoic stenolaemate bryozoan orders Trepostomata and Cryptostomata. Morphologies are evaluated to determine whether such homeomorphy should be expected, or is likely to have resulted from incomplete taxonomic analysis. Historical and constructional constraints prevalent in the phylum appear to provide ample opportunity for adaptive convergence, a conclusion supported by the occurrence of similar morphologies in distantly related post-Paleozoic bryozoans.Cryptostomes are distinguished in part by the presence of restricted budding loci. Loci pattern is hypothesized to be the key innovation in the establishment of the clade and the pattern also is considered critical to the evolution of the relatively slender branches and short zooecia typical of cryptostomes.Loci development does not provide a taxonomic panacea. This is because the hypothesis does not preclude convergent evolution of broadly similar restricted loci in Paleozoic non-cryptostome groups, although presumably the cryptostomes in general would have been best equipped to succeed under conditions favoring restricted loci.Environmental conditions for the cryptostomes in general and changing life history strategies for rhabdomesoids in particular provide possible controlling factors for the evolution of these bryozoans.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

Cognition without Cortex: The Convergent Evolution of Avian and Mammalian Forebrains

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Güntürkün
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution

Poisonous platypuses confirm convergent evolution

Nature ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewen Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution

Motion Simulation of a Vessel Based on Standard Environmental Conditions and Dynamic Assessment

ICTE 2015 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukai Zhang ◽  
Guangshu Dai ◽  
Zeliang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Motion Simulation
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