Unexpected high retention of 15 N‐labeled nitrogen in a tropical legume forest under long‐term nitrogen enrichment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Mao ◽  
Qinggong Mao ◽  
Per Gundersen ◽  
Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Enrichment ◽  
Tropical Legume

Control of the weevil (Amnemus quadrituberculatus) in tropical legume pastures with dieldrin and heptachlor pre-sowing soil treatments

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
JR Rand ◽  
BM Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Legume Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tropical Legume ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Levels Of Control

Three experiments on chocolate alluvium, chocolate basaltic, and prairie meadow soils, respectively, tested the long term effectiveness of dieldrin and heptachlor pre-sowing treatments in controlling Amnemus quadrituberculatus (amnemus weevil) in tropical legume pastures. The legume species used were Desmodium uncinatum, D. intortum, Glycine wightii and Macroptilium atropurpureum. Both chemicals at rates from 0.56-2.24 kg ha-1 gave high levels of control of the weevil for two years after pasture establishment. Control declined in the third and subsequent years, but in all experiments insecticide treated plots retained the legume components longer than did untreated plots. Heptachlor at 1.12 kg ha-1 proved the best treatment but a general decline in legume density was observed in all experiments.

scholarly journals N 2 -fixing tropical legume evolution: a contributor to enhanced weathering through the Cenozoic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1860) ◽  
pp. 20170370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Z. Epihov ◽  
Sarah A. Batterman ◽  
Lars O. Hedin ◽  
Jonathan R. Leake ◽  
Lisa M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Silicate Weathering ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
Tropical Legume ◽  
Early Cenozoic

Fossil and phylogenetic evidence indicates legume-rich modern tropical forests replaced Late Cretaceous palm-dominated tropical forests across four continents during the early Cenozoic (58–42 Ma). Tropical legume trees can transform ecosystems via their ability to fix dinitrogen (N 2 ) and higher leaf N compared with non-legumes (35–65%), but it is unclear how their evolutionary rise contributed to silicate weathering, the long-term sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Here we hypothesize that the increasing abundance of N 2 -fixing legumes in tropical forests amplified silicate weathering rates by increased input of fixed nitrogen (N) to terrestrial ecosystems via interrelated mechanisms including increasing microbial respiration and soil acidification, and stimulating forest net primary productivity. We suggest the high CO 2 early Cenozoic atmosphere further amplified legume weathering. Evolution of legumes with high weathering rates was probably driven by their high demand for phosphorus and micronutrients required for N 2 -fixation and nodule formation.

scholarly journals Long‐term nitrogen enrichment does not increase microbial phosphorus mobilization in a northern coniferous forest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Forsmark ◽  
Håkan Wallander ◽  
Annika Nordin ◽  
Michael J. Gundale
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Enrichment

scholarly journals Soil microbes mediate the effects of nitrogen supply and co-inoculation on Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Avena sativa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey A. Easterday ◽  
Amy E. Kendig ◽  
Christelle Lacroix ◽  
Eric W. Seabloom ◽  
Elizabeth T. Borer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Nitrogen Enrichment ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

SummaryNutrient supply rates to hosts can mediate host–pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, nutrient supply to plants is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential indirect effect of soil microbes on plant–pathogen interactions. Soil microbes also may affect plant pathogens by inducing plant defenses.We tested the role of soil microbes, nitrogen supply to plant hosts, and co-inoculation on infection by aphid-vectored RNA viruses, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV-RPV), in a grass host grown in soil microbes collected from a long-term nitrogen enrichment experiment.BYDV-PAV incidence declined with high nitrogen supply, co-inoculation, or presence of soil microbes exposed to long-term low nitrogen enrichment. However, when combined, the negative effects of these treatments were sub-additive: nitrogen and co-inoculation did not reduce BYDV-PAV incidence in plants grown with the soil microbes. While soil microbes impacted leaf chlorophyll, they did not alter biomass or CYDV-RPV incidence.Soil microbes mediated the effects of nitrogen supply and co-inoculation on infection incidence and the effects of infection on host symptoms. Thus, soil microbial communities can indirectly control disease dynamics, altering the effects of nitrogen enrichment on plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions in terrestrial systems.

scholarly journals Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey A. Easterday ◽  
Amy E. Kendig ◽  
Christelle Lacroix ◽  
Eric W. Seabloom ◽  
Elizabeth T. Borer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Enrichment ◽  
Viral Pathogen

Soil acidification exerts a greater control on soil respiration than soil nitrogen availability in grasslands subjected to long‐term nitrogen enrichment

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima Chen ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Zhichun Lan ◽  
Shuijin Hu ◽  
Yongfei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Enrichment ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability

scholarly journals Quantum Dots Reveal Shifts in Organic Nitrogen Uptake by Fungi Exposed to Long-Term Nitrogen Enrichment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0138158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Hynson ◽  
Steven D. Allison ◽  
Kathleen K. Treseder
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Enrichment ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Uptake
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