Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen

SummaryNutrient supply rates to hosts can mediate host–pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, nutrient supply to plants is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential indirect effect of soil microbes on plant–pathogen interactions. Soil microbes also may affect plant pathogens by inducing plant defenses.We tested the role of soil microbes, nitrogen supply to plant hosts, and co-inoculation on infection by aphid-vectored RNA viruses, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV-RPV), in a grass host grown in soil microbes collected from a long-term nitrogen enrichment experiment.BYDV-PAV incidence declined with high nitrogen supply, co-inoculation, or presence of soil microbes exposed to long-term low nitrogen enrichment. However, when combined, the negative effects of these treatments were sub-additive: nitrogen and co-inoculation did not reduce BYDV-PAV incidence in plants grown with the soil microbes. While soil microbes impacted leaf chlorophyll, they did not alter biomass or CYDV-RPV incidence.Soil microbes mediated the effects of nitrogen supply and co-inoculation on infection incidence and the effects of infection on host symptoms. Thus, soil microbial communities can indirectly control disease dynamics, altering the effects of nitrogen enrichment on plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions in terrestrial systems.

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Long-Term Effect of Sludge Compost Amendment on the Temporal Pattern of Nitrogen Supply in Its Amended Soil

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-018-0491-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1953-1959

Author(s):

Hongtao Liu ◽

Xiaoxia Guo ◽

Xiaojie Liu ◽

Mei Lei

Keyword(s):

Temporal Pattern ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Term Effect ◽

Sludge Compost ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Compost Amendment ◽

Amended Soil

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The phosphoproteome of rice leaves responds to water and nitrogen supply

10.1101/2021.03.15.435047 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Hamzelou ◽

Vanessa J. Melino ◽

Darren C. Plett ◽

Karthik Shantharam Kamath ◽

Arkadiusz Nawrocki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Water Channel ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Label Free ◽

Limited Information ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Post Translational Modifications ◽

Growth Adaptation

The scarcity of freshwater is an increasing concern in flood-irrigated rice, whilst excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers is both costly and contributes to environmental pollution. To co-ordinate growth adaptation under prolonged exposure to limited water or excess nitrogen supply, plants have processes for signalling and regulation of metabolic processes. There is limited information on the involvement of one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein phosphorylation, on plant adaptation to long-term changes in resource supply. Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare was grown under two regimes of nitrogen from the time of germination to final harvest. Twenty-five days after germination, water was withheld from half the pots in each nitrogen treatment and low water supply continued for an additional 26 days, while the remaining pots were well watered. Leaves from all four groups of plants were harvested after 51 days in order to test whether phosphorylation of leaf proteins responded to prior abiotic events. The dominant impact of these resources is exerted in leaves, where PTMs have been predicted to occur. Proteins were extracted and phosphopeptides were analysed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis, coupled with label-free quantitation. Water and nitrogen regimes triggered extensive changes in phosphorylation of proteins involved in membrane transport, such as the aquaporin OsPIP2-6, a water channel protein. Our study reveals phosphorylation of several peptides belonging to proteins involved in RNA-processing and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that phosphorylation events regulate the signalling cascades that are required to optimize plant response to resource supply.

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Effects of enhanced atmospheric ammonia on photosynthetic characteristics of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars with various nitrogen supply across long-term growth period and their diurnal change patterns

Photosynthetica ◽

10.1007/s11099-010-0051-2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 389-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. X. Zhang ◽

H. Qiang ◽

S. Q. Li ◽

X. L. Chen

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Growth Period ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Diurnal Change ◽

Atmospheric Ammonia

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Unexpected high retention of 15 N‐labeled nitrogen in a tropical legume forest under long‐term nitrogen enrichment

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/gcb.16005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinhua Mao ◽

Qinggong Mao ◽

Per Gundersen ◽

Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Enrichment ◽

Tropical Legume

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The response of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum to long-term increases in nitrogen supply

Mycologia ◽

10.3852/mycologia.97.2.329 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 329-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. G. Avis ◽

I. Charvat

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Fungal Inoculum

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Stem nitrate nitrogen and yield of wheat in a permanent rotation experiment

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9830599 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 599 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I Papastylianou ◽

DW Puckridge

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Waite Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Permanent Rotation

The growth of wheat on the permanent rotation experiment at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute was examined over two seasons. Measurements of stem nitrate nitrogen concentration were used to assess the effect of nitrogen on yield for treatments which can also affect the availability of water and the severity of pests and diseases. High nitrate nitrogen was positively correlated with yield in a wet year, but its importance changed between years and was determined by rotation and environmental conditions. On average the sequence oats-oats for grazing-fallow-wheat had the highest nitrate nitrogen and the highest long-term mean yield, even though it had no apparent nitrogen input. Rotations which included grass-clover phases can be more severely infested by pests and diseases, and the wheat less able to respond to favourable nitrogen supply than rotations which included fallow or a non-host crop.

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Effects of long-term straw management and fertilizer nitrogen additions on soil nitrogen supply and crop yields at two sites in eastern England

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002435 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 115-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

MARTYN SILGRAM ◽

BRIAN J. CHAMBERS

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Mineral N ◽

Plough Layer ◽

N Rates ◽

Soil Nitrogen Supply

The effects of straw incorporation (early and late cultivation) and straw burning were contrasted in a split-plot study examining the impact of long-term straw residue management, and six fertilizer nitrogen (N) rates on soil mineral nitrogen, crop fertilizer N requirements and nitrate leaching losses. The experiments ran from 1984 to 1997 on light-textured soils at ADAS Gleadthorpe (Nottinghamshire, UK) and Morley Research Centre (Norfolk, UK).Soil incorporation of the straw residues returned an estimated 633 kg N/ha at Gleadthorpe and 429 kg N/ha at Morley on the treatment receiving 150 kg/ha per year fertilizer N since 1984. Straw disposal method had no consistent effect on grain and straw yields, crop N uptake, or optimal fertilizer N rates. In every year there was a positive response (P<0·001) to fertilizer N in straw/grain yields, N contents and crop N offtakes at both sites. Nitrate leaching losses were slightly reduced by less than 10 kg N/ha where straw residues had been incorporated, while fertilizer N additions increased nitrate leached at both sites.At both sites there was a consistent effect (P<0·001) of straw disposal method on autumn soil mineral N, with values following the pattern burn>early incorporate>late plough. The incorporation of straw residues induced temporary N immobilization compared with the treatment where straw was burnt, while the earlier timing of tillage on the incorporate treatment resulted in slightly more mineral N compared with the later ploughed treatment. Fertilizer N rate increased (P<0·001) soil mineral nitrogen at both sites. At Morley, there was more organic carbon in the plough layer where straw had been incorporated (mean 1·09 g/100 g) rather than burnt (mean 0·89 g/100 g), and a strong positive relationship between organic carbon and fertilizer N rate (r2=93·2%, P<0·01). There was a detectable effect of fertilizer N on readily mineralizable N in the plough layer at both Gleadthorpe (P<0·001) and Morley (P<0·05). At Morley, there was a consistent trend (P=0·06) for readily mineralizable N to be higher where straw had been incorporated rather than burnt, indicating that ploughing-in residues may contribute to soil nitrogen supply over the longer term.

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