Herbage and nitrogen yields, fixation and transfer by white clover to companion grasses in grazed swards under different rates of nitrogen fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Enriquez-Hidalgo ◽  
T. J. Gilliland ◽  
D. Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Grazed Swards

Leys and soil organic matter:III. The accumulation of macro-organic matter in the soil under different swards

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Garwood ◽  
C. R. Clement ◽  
T. E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Grazed Swards ◽  
Mesh Sieve

SUMMARYMacro-organic matter (roots and partially decomposed plant debris retained on a 0·25 mm mesh sieve) was measured in soils under various swards. Under a grazed perennial ryegrass/white clover sward, sown on arable land, macro-organic matter in the top 15 cm of soil rose steadily in the first 8 years to 15·8 t/ha, but subsequently declined. Under arable cropping there was great variation with crop and season. Under grass, most of the macro-organic matter accumulated in the top 2 cm of soil, particularly during the first 3 or 4 years. More macro-organic matter was found under perennial ryegrass/white clover than under cocksfoot/white clover swards.After 3 years under grass macro-organic matter accounted for 10% of the total soil carbon, and represented about half the increase in soil carbon.Half, or less, of the nitrogen which accumulated in soil under grass was in the macroorganic matter fraction. The differences between swards which received no N fertilizer and those which received 940 kg/ha over 3 years was small, 16–40 kg N/ha respectively for cut and frequently grazed swards. The ratio of C:N in macro-organic matter under different swards averaged 22:1.

scholarly journals Using Leaf-mark Material to Monitor the Morphology of White Clover ( Trifolium repens L.) at the Clone and Ramet Level in Grazed Swards

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
M. Fothergill ◽  
C. T. Morgan ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates ◽  
D. A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Grazed Swards

Nitrogen fixation in a two-year old white clover-fescue pasture: Influence of nitrogen fertilization

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S DASSO ◽  
C LABANDERA ◽  
D PASTORINI ◽  
S CURBELO
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization

The effect of cutting frequency and root segregation on the yield from perennial ryegrass-white clover associations

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

1. Dry-matter and nitrogen yields were recorded from perennial ryegrass-white clover associations which were defoliated 2, 4 or 6 times a year during the period 1963 to 1965.2. The average yearly output of dry matter was approximately 4000, 7000 and 6000 lb/acre for 1963, 1964 and 1965 respectively. Nitrogen harvested amounted to 132, 184 and 179 lb N/acre.3. The mean annual dry-matter yields from 2, 4 and 6 defoliations were 5300, 6100 and 6000 lb/acre and the corresponding figures for nitrogen yields were 112, 166 and 217 lb N/acre.4. Both segregation of the species below ground and increasing the defoliation frequency were responsible for higher contributions towards drymatter and nitrogen yield from the clover component.5. A comparison of the nitrogen yields between the plots with species segregated rather than integrated below ground suggests that the effects of underground nitrogen transference from 30–31 lb N/acre could first be demonstrated in the spring of the third year.

scholarly journals Annual dry matter, metabolisable energy and nitrogen yields of six dryland pastures six and seven years after establishment

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mills ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Lincoln University

Dry matter (DM) yields, botanical composition, liveweight production and pasture quality of six grazed dryland pastures established in 2002 at Lincoln University, Canterbury, are reported for Years 6 (2007/08) and 7 (2008/09). Lucerne (Medicago sativa) yielded 14.0 t DM/ha/yr and sheep liveweight (LW) production totalled 903 (2007/08) and 1 141 kg/ha/yr (2008/09). Metabolisable energy (ME) on offer (~134 GJ/ha/yr) and N yield (>500 kg/ha/yr) from the lucerne exceeded those of grass-based pastures. Yields (9.8- 11.2 t DM/ha/yr) and liveweight production (814-912 kg/ha/yr) from cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pastures established with subterranean (Trifolium subterraneum) clover were greater than all other grass-based pastures. Annual ME was 79-96 GJ/ha and N yield was 269- 316 kg/ha from the cocksfoot, subterranean clover and volunteer white clover (T. repens) components. For Year 7, the contribution of unsown weeds and grasses in cocksfoot-based pastures was ~28% of total annual yield compared with 55% in ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/ white clover pastures. Consequently, the ME and N yields from sown pasture components in ryegrass/white clover pastures were lower than those from cocksfootbased pastures. These results indicate dryland farms with lucerne and/or cocksfoot/sub clover pastures can produce higher DM yields from more persistent pasture species. Persistence led to more ME and N on offer to grazing livestock, which resulted in higher liveweight production than from the ryegrass pastures. Keywords: balansa clover, Caucasian clover, growth rates, pasture quality, T. ambiguum, T. michelianum

Nitrogen fixation by nine white clover cultivars in grazed pasture, as affected by nitrogen fertilization

1996 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart F. Ledgard ◽  
Mike S. Sprosen ◽  
Keith W. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Grazed Pasture

Influence of irradiance on branch growth of white clover stolons in rejected areas within grazed swards

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. TEUBER ◽  
A. S. LAIDLAW
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Grazed Swards

The potential of seed-shedding and seedling development to contribute to the persistence of white clover (Trifolium repens) in grazed swards in Uruguay

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. WILMAN ◽  
F. OLMOS ◽  
R. S. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Site Competition ◽  
Grazed Swards ◽  
Better Than

The present study was conducted to investigate whether white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in grazed swards in Uruguay can produce and shed sufficient seed, and whether sufficient seedlings can develop and survive, to make an important contribution to the long-term persistence of the species. Five sites, on which survival of white clover had been better than is usual in Uruguay, were studied in 1995–97. The sites had been sown with white clover 11–15 years previously and were managed mainly by cattle grazing. The number of white clover inflorescences/m2 was at least 18 at nearly half the counts in the study and the number of viable seeds in the top 5 cm of soil was at least 1500 at half the counts. The results for both the above variables suggest that all five sites had a supply of seed greater than a commercial seed rate at some times of the year. However, the number of seedlings/m2 was >100, a possible target in these conditions, at only one fifth of the counts, and the proportion of seedlings that survived from one recording date to the next (a period of 4–5 weeks) varied from >0·7 to zero. It seems, therefore, that, in these conditions, the failure of seeds to convert to established plants is likely to be a greater constraint than the production and shedding of seeds. There was considerable variability with time, and between and within sites at each stage of the reproductive cycle. On one site, competition from Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) greatly reduced the number of white clover seedlings/m2. Overall, the results suggest that white clover in grazed swards in Uruguay can produce and shed sufficient seed, and that sufficient seedlings can develop and survive, to make a significant contribution to the long-term persistence of the species. However, each year there is a risk of seedlings being killed in dry, hot weather.

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