Nemertean systematics and phenetic classification: an example from a group of hoplonemerteans

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER SUNDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Phenetic Classification

Variation in song patterns of Antipodean Teleogryllus species (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and a proposed phenetic classification

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madsen ◽  
V. R. Vickery ◽  
J. Nowosielski
Keyword(s):  
Cytological Study ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Teleogryllus Commodus ◽  
Phenetic Classification ◽  
Distance Coefficient

The stridulations of eight sample populations of Teleogryllus commodus servillei (Saussure) and T. oceanicus (Le Guillou) were recorded and analyzed. Sokal's "distance coefficient" formula was used to derive a phenetic classification of the populations. The analysis indicates the same relationships as were previously indicated, by Chen et al. (1967) on morphological evidence, and by Lim et al. (1969) on cytological study.

Phenetic Classification and Typology

1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howell V. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Phenetic Classification

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE GENUS BOONACRIS: I. The "eastern" taxa and a comparison with the related genera Dendrotettix and Appalachia (Orthoptera: Catantopidae: Podismini)

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Fontana ◽  
V. R. Vickery
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Cytogenetic Evidence ◽  
Phenetic Classification ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Heterochromatin Content

Thirteen populations of four distinct taxa in the wingless grasshopper genus Boonacris with an eastern distribution in Canada and the United States had a chromosome complement of 2n ♀; ♂ = 20A + XO;XX. A detailed analysis of chromosome lengths and of the heterochromatin content and distribution in the karyotypes of the populations sampled revealed extreme endophenotypic stability and conservatism. Two populations were found to contain heterochromatically variant karyomorphs, one being polymorphic with respect to a complex pattern of autosome and sex-chromosome heterochromatin expression, the other for the occurrence of a large heterochromatic supernumerary chromosome. The cytogenetic system of Boonacris species was compared with those of the related, largely sympatric species Appalachia arcana and Dendrotettix quercus. The last two species have 2n ♀; ♂ = 22A + XO;XX but their complements show structural differences. The available evidence from a number of podismine species suggests that the forms with the lower chromosome number (i.e. 21 ♀; 22 ♂) may have originated from a common 'proto-Podisma' ancestor with 23 chromosomes (♀) via evolutionary loss or elimination of a small, unstable megameric pair. This dichotomy of major phyletic lineages and other cytogenetic evidence is discussed in relation to a phenetic classification of the tribe.

A morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships between genera of the nematode sub-family Cloacininae (Stossich) (Strongyloidea: Chabertiidae) parasitic in kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4851 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-288
Author(s):  
I. BEVERIDGE ◽  
A. JABBAR ◽  
A. KOEHLER ◽  
T. SUKEE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phenetic Classification

A phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the strongyloid sub-family Cloacininae from macropodoid marsupials in Australasia was undertaken based on morphological characteristics and analysis of concatenated sequences (ITS+) of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Neither approach provided a robust phylogeny, but similarities between the two methods in terms of generic groupings suggested that substantial revision is needed of the current phenetic classification, with some of the key morphological characteristics currently used to define genera and tribes proving to be homoplasious. 

Comparison of multivariate analyses using taxonomic data of Oxalis

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1637-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda F. Denton ◽  
Roger del Moral
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
North American ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Phenetic Classification ◽  
Information Statistic

Several multivariate techniques are used to analyze the resemblances between the 25 North American taxa of Oxalis section Ionoxalis. Results from each of three clustering strategies are subjected to stepwise discriminant analysis for refinement and reallocation. The resultant phenetic classifications are compared with each other and with a recent conventional treatment using the same data. Affinities of the taxa, along with new relationships indicated by these analyses, are discussed. A polythetic hierarchical clustering method using an information statistic produces the most efficient and reliable phenetic classification and is recommended for use in systematic studies.

A revision of the genus Parastacoides Clark (Crustacea : Decapoda : Parastacidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Phenetic Classification ◽  
High Degree

Since the last revision of the genus Parastacoides, greatly extended collections, many from previously inaccessible areas, have become available. Some of the new specimens exhibited characteristics intermediate between pairs of the six recognized species. Some 418 specimens were examined for 27 attributes and a numerical classificatory strategy, MULTCLAS, was used to construct a phenetic classification which was expressed as a phenogram and interpreted with the aid of a diagnostic program, GROUPER. A high degree of morphological similarity and a substantial overlapping of ranges of attributes were common. Three groups, identified only by two qualitative attributes, were defined. Accordingly, only one species, P. tasmanicus (Erichson) is recognized, considered to comprise three subspecies corresponding to the three groups. P. pulcher Riek and P. leptomerus Riek are considered synonyms of the nominate subspecies P. tasmanicus tasmanicus (Erichson). P. inermis Clark and P. insignis Clark are retained as the subspecies P. tasmanicus inermis (Clark) and P. tasmanicus insignis (Clark) respectively. P. sternalis Riek is considered a synonym of P. tasmanicus inermis. Two possible patterns of evolution of the subspecies are briefly considered.

scholarly journals The Culicidae (Diptera): a review of taxonomy, classification and phylogeny*

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1668 (1) ◽  
pp. 591-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH E. HARBACH
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Phenetic Classification ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Stable Classification

The taxonomy, classification and phylogeny of family Culicidae are reviewed. The application of explicit methods of phylogenetic analysis has revealed weaknesses in the traditional classification of mosquitoes, but little progress has been made to achieve a robust, stable classification that reflects evolutionary relationships. The current phenetic classification is discussed in view of phylogeny reconstructions based on cladistic analyses of morphological and molecular data. It is concluded that the generic and suprageneric relationships and the validity and monophyly of the generic and subgeneric groupings of Culicidae are in need of extensive reappraisal. If the classification is to reflect evolutionary history, changes to the nomenclature of mosquitoes are inevitable. There is strong morphological and molecular evidence that subfamily Anophelinae and tribes Aedini, Culicini and Sabethini of subfamily Culicinae are monophyletic, but the other taxonomic groupings are not demonstrably monophyletic or have not been subjected to phylogenetic analyses.

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