LIPID SYNTHESIS (14C-ACETATE INCORPORATION) IN THE ISOLATED HUMAN SEBACEOUS GLAND, THE APPENDAGE-FREED EPIDERMIS, THE SEBOCYST (STEATOCYSTOMA) AND THE WEN (KERATINOUS CYST OF SKIN)

1972 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY SUMMERLY ◽  
SHEILA WOODBURY
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Human Sebaceous Gland

scholarly journals Modulation of lipid-synthesizing enzymes by insulin in differentiated ob17 adipose-like cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Grimaldi ◽  
C Forest ◽  
P Poli ◽  
R Negrel ◽  
G Ailhaud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ob17 cells convert into adipose-like cells when maintained in the presence of physiological concentrations of insulin and tri-iodothyronine. After this conversion, insulin removal from differentiated ob17 cells gives within 24-48 h a large decrease in fatty acid synthetase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid:CoA ligase activities, as well as in the rate of fatty acid synthesis determined by [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids. All parameters are restored by insulin addition to initial values within 24-48 h. Dose-response curves of insulin on the restoration of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and of fatty acid synthesis give half-maximally effective concentrations close to 1 nM, in agreement with the affinity for insulin of the insulin receptors previously characterized in these cells. Immunotitration experiments indicate that the changes in the specific activity of fatty acid synthetase are due to parallel changes in the cellular enzyme content. Therefore the ob17 cell line should be a useful model to study the long-term effects of insulin on the modulation of lipid synthesis in adipose cells.

Effect of aging on lipid composition and metabolism in the adipose tissues of the rat

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Benjamin ◽  
Alfred Gellhorn ◽  
Mary Wagner ◽  
Harold Kundel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissues

Lipid metabolism and chemistry was studied in adipose tissues of the rat from the age of 38 days to 647 days. Aging process was characterized by a marked decrease in lipid synthesis from acetate, a reduction in the proportion of glucose metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway, and a lower rate of palmitate incorporation into the mixed lipids. Oxidation of palmitic acid to CO2 and release of free fatty acid by epididymal fat was the same in young and old tissues under control conditions; when, however, glucose was absent from the medium or when epinephrine was added, there was a significantly greater rate of palmitic acid oxidation and free fatty acid release by young compared to old adipose tissue. Rate of acetate incorporation into mixed lipids by multiple adipose tissue sites was determined at different ages. Consistently greater rates of lipid biosynthesis were found in the epididymal, perirenal, mesenteric and interscapular adipose tissues than in subcutaneous fat at all ages. Rate of lipid synthesis by the interscapular fat (unlike any of the other depots) remained high at all ages studied. A greater proportion of short chain fatty acids was found in adipose tissues from young rats than in the old. This was related to fatty acid composition of rat milk.

Effect of high fat and high sucrose feeding on lipogenesis by isolated rat intestinal cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Wilson ◽  
R. C. Goldstein ◽  
A. R. Conn ◽  
P. T. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Sucrose Feeding ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
High Sucrose

Lipid synthesis was studied in intestinal mucosal cells isolated from rats fed a high fat or a high sucrose diet. The cells actively incorporated 14C(1)-labeled free fatty acids into glycerolipids([1-14C]acetate was utilized for both fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis), while [14C(U)]glucose label was found in cholesterol and in the glycerol moiety of glycerolipids, but not in fatty acids. Sucrose feeding resulted in increased acetate incorporation into cholesterol, but not into fatty acids while the high fat diet markedly depressed the incorporation of acetate. In contrast, fat feeding increased both glucose and fatty acid incorporation into glycerolipids, as well as glucose incorporation into cholesterol. Using the incorporation of glucose into lipid glycerol as an estimate of the phosphatidic acid pathway, it was found that this pathway was stimulated by both fat and carbohydrate feeding. The results suggest that differences in the regulation of cholesterol and glycerolipid synthesis in the intestine compared with adipose tissue and liver may relate to the role of intestine in synthesizing lipoproteins for lipid transport.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bipotential Epidermal Progenitors Derived from Human Sebaceous Gland: Contrasting Roles of c-Myc and β-Catenin

Stem Cells ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lo Celso ◽  
Melanie A. Berta ◽  
Kristin M. Braun ◽  
Michaela Frye ◽  
Stephen Lyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Human Sebaceous Gland

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein serum amyloid A down-regulates smooth-muscle cell lipid biosynthesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. SCHREIBER ◽  
Mara VEVERBRANTS ◽  
Richard E. FINE ◽  
Jan K. BLUSZTAJN ◽  
Mario SALMONA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Amyloid A

The addition of acute-phase apolipoprotein serum amyloid A (SAA) to cultured aortic smooth-muscle cells caused a decrease in the incorporation of [14C]acetate into lipids. Optimal inhibition of lipid biosynthesis was achieved with 2 μM SAA, and the effect was maintained for up to 1 week when SAA was included in the culture medium. Lipid extracts were subjected to TLC and it was determined that the SAA-induced decrease in [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids was attributable to decreases in cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride levels. The accumulated mass of cholesterol and phospholipid in SAA-treated cultures was significantly less than that of controls, with no change in the accumulated protein. Moreover, SAA had no effect on either protein synthesis or DNA synthesis, suggesting that SAA specifically alters lipid synthesis. By using a peptide corresponding to the cholesterol-binding domain of acute-phase SAA (amino acids 1-18), it was shown that this region of the molecule was as effective as the full-length protein in decreasing lipid synthesis and the accumulation of cholesterol and phospholipid. The implications of these findings for atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease are discussed.

scholarly journals The Chemistry of the Human Sebaceous Gland

1951 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
Raymond R. Suskind ◽  
Elizabeth Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Human Sebaceous Gland
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