Everolimus inhibits stent restenosis and the WKYMV (fluorescein isothiocyanate) peptide promotes endothelial homing. Dextran is a natural polymer that is widely used as a pharmaceutical agent. The purpose of this study was to develop a double-drug-coated stent using a bidirectional coating system and to examine the surface shape with in vitro experiments. Stent length was 16 mm and strut thickness was 70 µm (Chonnam National University Hospital Tiger stent). Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed good coating without cracks or bubbles. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-peptide was dip-coated on the lumen and the abluminal surface was coated with everolimus and dextran. Stents were coated with dextran, everolimus, or everolimus–dextran. The radial force and flexibility were measured to determine the mechanical properties. Contact angle testing was performed in all groups. Dextran and peptide as hydrophilic substances and everolimus as a hydrophobic substance were each coated on cover glasses (cobalt–chromium). A10 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used in the experiments. Water and dimethyl sulfoxide served as a control, and three drug groups were tested: peptide–everolimus, everolimus–dextran, and peptide–everolimus–dextran. Immunocytochemistry was performed to assess cell adhesion. Light intensity was plotted according to the average on nuclear staining. Experiments were conducted using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine to investigate A10 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation. Cell adhesion and proliferation of peptide–everolimus–dextran were inhibited at A10, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell was found to proliferate with cell adhesion. On conclusion, dextran and peptide–everolimus bidirectional stent is effective in re-endothelialization and inhibition of cell proliferation.
Extracellular transglutaminase 2 has a role in cell adhesion, whereas intracellular transglutaminase 2 is involved in regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis
