Control of lettuce drop disease, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with metham-sodium soil treatment and foliar application of benomyl

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. BEN-YEPHET ◽  
S. BITTON ◽  
A. GREENBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Lettuce Drop ◽  
Metham Sodium

scholarly journals Effect of Sclerotium Density and Irrigation on Disease Incidence and on Efficacy of Coniothyrium minitans in Suppressing Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chitrampalam ◽  
T. A. Turini ◽  
M. E. Matheron ◽  
B. M. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Lettuce Drop ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Field experiments were conducted over 2 years in Yuma, AZ, and Holtville, CA, to establish the relationship between soil sclerotium density of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the incidence of lettuce drop on different lettuce (Lactuca sativa) types under different irrigation systems, and to determine the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Coniothyrium minitans (Contans) against S. sclerotiorum on crisphead lettuce at varied sclerotium densities under different irrigation systems. There was no significant interaction of irrigation (overhead sprinkler versus furrow) with either sclerotium density or with biocontrol treatment. Lettuce drop incidence was lowest in romaine lettuce compared with crisphead or leaf lettuce at all soil sclerotium densities. There was a significant positive correlation between the sclerotial density and the percent disease incidence. Disease incidence in plots infested with 2 sclerotia/m2 of bed was not significantly higher than in control plots regardless of lettuce type. However, plots infested with 40 or 100 sclerotia/m2 of bed revealed a significantly higher disease incidence over the control in all lettuce types. A single application of Contans at planting significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop in all lettuce types even under high disease pressure. There were no significant differences between recommended (2.2 kg/ha) and high (4.4 kg/ha) application rates of Contans or between one or two applications of the product.

scholarly journals The effect of irrigation and foliar fertilization on the colonization of american ginseng (Panax quinquefolium l.) diseased parts by different micro-organisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Alina Pastucha ◽  
Barbara Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Panax Quinquefolium ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Micro Organisms

Field studies on the health of American ginseng cultivated in the Lublin district on poor sandy soil were conducted in the years 2004-2006. The studies involved treatment combinations with irrigation and without irrigation as well as foliar fertilization with Alkalin PK and Resistim of American ginseng plants. Mycological analysis was made of diseased ginseng parts with the aim of determining the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi-like organisms and fungi threatening the cultivation of this plant. Fungi from the genera of <i>Cylindrocarpon</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> and the following species <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, as well as fungi-like organisms: <i>Pythium irregulare</i> and <i>Phytophthora</i> sp., were isolated from the infected parts of ginseng. The smallest number of fungi was isolated from the plants growing on the plots without irrigation and those where foliar application with Alkalin PK was applied.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor in Desert Agroecosystems

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1625-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chitrampalam ◽  
P. J. Figuli ◽  
M. E. Matheron ◽  
K. V. Subbarao ◽  
B. M. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Evaluation ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Lettuce Drop

Field experiments were conducted over 2 years in Yuma County, AZ, and Imperial County, CA, to determine the efficacy of several biocontrol agents for the management of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia spp. Commercial formulations of Trichoderma harzianum (Plantshield, Supersivit), Gliocladium virens (Soilgard), Coniothyrium minitans (Contans), and Bacillus subtilis (Companion) were evaluated and compared with the chemical fungicide iprodione (Rovral) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor. A single application of biocontrol products or of Rovral did not reduce lettuce drop caused by either Sclerotinia species. However, two applications of Contans, one at planting and one at post-thinning, significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop caused by S. sclerotiorum and increased yield but had no effect on S. minor at both locations in both years. Two applications of other biocontrol products did not significantly reduce disease incidence despite medium to high recovery following application. In contrast, Contans was only sporadically recovered following application. In vitro fungicide sensitivity evaluation revealed that both Trichoderma and Gliocladium species were tolerant to iprodione, dicloran (Botran), and vinclozolin (Ronilan) up to 1,000 ppm a.i., whereas both Sclerotinia spp. and C. minitans were sensitive to all three fungicides above 1 ppm. In summary, Contans was the most effective treatment for the control of lettuce drop caused by S. sclerotiorum, but no treatment was effective against S. minor in the desert lettuce production systems.

Improved control of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using Contans combined with lignin or a reduced fungicide application

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Van Beneden ◽  
Ilse Leenknegt ◽  
Soraya C. França ◽  
Monica Höfte
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Lettuce Drop

scholarly journals Selenium Promotes Sunflower Resistance to Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum by Regulating Redox Homeostasis and Hormonal Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Chen ◽  
Huiying Sun ◽  
Ting Hu ◽  
Zehao Wang ◽  
Wenliang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Infection Stage

Abstract Sclerotinia wilt of sunflower caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease causing serious loss. Selenium (Se) has a benefit effect to plant in stress tolerance. In this study, sunflower leaves treated by foliar application of Se were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. Pathogenesis on the inoculated leaves and transcript levels of plant genes involved in redox homeostasis and hormonal signaling pathways were examined. Se could be detected after the foliar application and was mainly transformed to selenomethionine in sunflower. Consequently, Se pretreatment delayed the necrosis development caused by S. sclerotiorum and alleviated the adverse effects derived from pathogen infection by differentially balancing the regulation of enzymes involved in the redox homeostasis. Specially, the cat expression increased to alleviate its downregulation responded to pathogen infection at the earlier infection stage (12 hour post inoculation, hpi) while the pod, gpx, apx, and nox expressions decreased to alleviate their responsive upregulation at the later infection stages (24 and 36 hpi). Se pretreatment enhanced the regulation of genes involved in hormonal signaling pathways, in which the AOC and PAL expressions increased to enhance its upregulation induced by pathogen infection for improving resistant responses at the earlier infection stage (12 hpi), as well as the AOC and PDF expressions increased at the later infection stages (24 hpi). Besides, the EIN2 expression increased to alleviate its downregulation at all of infection stages. Our results suggested that Se plays the beneficial effect on the resistant responses to S. sclerotiorum infection. This study provided a clue to improve the sustainable management of Sclerotinia wilt on sunflower by Se foliar application.

scholarly journals White Mold on Pea Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: A New Threat for Pea Cultivation in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rabiul Islam ◽  
Ananya Prova ◽  
Md. Tanbir Rubayet ◽  
Md. Mahidul Islam Masum ◽  
Md. Motaher Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
White Mold ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ◽  
Sclerotial Development

A new disease causing the tan to light brown blighted stems and pods has occurred in 2.6% pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants with an average disease severity rating of 3.7 in Chapainawabganj district, Bangladesh. A fungus with white appressed mycelia and large sclerotia was consistently isolated from symptomatic tissues. The fungus formed funnel-shaped apothecia with sac-like ascus and endogenously formed ascospores. Healthy pea plants inoculated with the fungus produced typical white mold symptoms. The internal transcribed spacer sequences of the fungus were 100% similar to that recovered from an epitype of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, considering the fungus to be the causative agent of white mold. Mycelial growth and sclerotial development of S. sclerotiorum were favored at 20&deg;C and pH 5.0. Glucose was the best carbon sources to support hyphal growth and sclerotia formation. Bavistin and Amistar Top inhibited the radial growth of the fungus completely at the lowest concentration. In planta, foliar application of Amistar Top showed the considerable potential to control the disease at 1.0% concentration until 7 days after spraying, while Bavistin prevented infection significantly until 15 days after spraying. A large majority (70.93%) of genotypes including tested released pea cultivars were susceptible, while six genotypes (6.98%) appeared resistant to the disease. These results could be important for management strategies aiming to control the incidence of S. Sclerotinia and eliminate yield loss in pea.

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