Is caesarean delivery associated with sensitization to food allergens and IgE-mediated food allergy: A systematic review

AbstractMost Canadian food allergy data has focused on Health Canada’s priority food allergens. This study describes which non-priority (emerging) food allergens were most commonly reported by Canadian parents and categorized/confirmed by allergists. A secondary aim was to describe severity of allergic reactions to emerging allergens. Parents reported allergic reactions to emerging food allergens experienced by their child (< 18 years) which occurred in the past 12 months, and allergists categorized/confirmed them according to likelihood of IgE-mediated food allergy. Of 68 eligible patients completing the survey, the most commonly reported emerging allergens were fruits/vegetables (58.8%), seeds (22.1%), legumes (19.1%) and other (11.8%). Median allergist ranking for legumes was ‘probable’ IgE-mediated food allergy, ‘possible’ for seeds and fruits/vegetables, and ‘unlikely’ for other. Median reaction severity was mild for legumes, and moderate for seeds, fruits/vegetables, and other. Our study highlights that non-priority food allergens, namely legumes and seeds, can lead to probable/likely allergic reactions in Canadian children. These food allergens are increasing in popularity in the Canadian diet, which could lead to increasing reports of allergic reactions. More research is needed to confirm reports of reactions to emerging allergens, and to document their inclusion as ingredients in packaged foods.

Download Full-text

Protocol for a systematic review of the diagnostic test accuracy of tests for IgE-mediated food allergy

10.22541/au.162677307.71576556/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jon Genuneit ◽

Sashini Jayasinghe ◽

CARMEN RIGGIONI ◽

Rachel Peters ◽

Derek Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽

Test Accuracy ◽

Index Test ◽

Ige Mediated ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is in the process of updating the guidelines on the diagnosis and management of food allergy. The existing guidelines are based on a systematic review of the literature until 30th September 2012. Therefore, a new systematic review must be undertaken to inform the new guidelines. This systematic review aims to assess the accuracy of index tests to support the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy. Methods: The databases Cochrane CENTRAL (Trials), MEDLINE (OVID) and Embase (OVID) will be searched for diagnostic test accuracy studies from 1st October 2012 to 30th June 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used to select appropriate studies. Data from these studies will be extracted and tabulated, and then reviewed for risk of bias and applicability using the QUADAS-2 tool. All evaluation will be done in duplicate. Studies with a high risk of bias and low applicability will be excluded. Meta-analysis will be performed if there are three or more studies of the same index test and food. Results: A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analyses is presented and was registered using Prospero prior to commencing the literature search. Discussion: Oral food challenges are the reference standard for diagnosis but involve considerable risks and resources. This protocol for systematic review aims to assess the accuracy of various tests to diagnose food allergy, which can be useful in both clinical and research settings.

Download Full-text

Early Introduction of Food Allergens and Risk of Developing Food Allergy

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2318

Author(s):

Elizabeth Yakaboski ◽

Lacey B. Robinson ◽

Anna Chen Arroyo ◽

Janice A. Espinola ◽

Ruth J. Geller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Peanut Allergy ◽

Parent Report ◽

Egg Allergy ◽

Food Allergens ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Egg Consumption ◽

Multicenter Cohort ◽

Ige Mediated ◽

Using Data

There is increasing evidence that early introduction of allergenic foods may decrease the risk of developing IgE-mediated food allergy. Patterns of food introduction before the 2015 publication of the Learning Early about Peanut Allergy (LEAP) trial are not well-studied, but are important as a baseline for evaluating subsequent changes in infant feeding practices and potentially food allergy. We performed a retrospective longitudinal study using data from a multicenter cohort of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis between 2011–2014. The primary outcomes were IgE-mediated egg or peanut allergy by age 3 years. Of 770 participants included in the analysis, 635 (82%) introduced egg, and 221 (27%) introduced peanut by age 12 months per parent report. Four participants had likely egg allergy, and eight participants had likely peanut allergy by age 3 years. Regular infant egg consumption was associated with less egg allergy. The association was suggestive for infant peanut consumption with zero peanut allergy cases. Overall, our results suggest that early introduction of peanut was uncommon before 2015. Although limited by the small number of allergy cases, our results suggest that early introduction of egg and peanut are associated with a decreased risk of developing food allergy, and support recent changes in practice guidelines.

Download Full-text

Erratum to: Allergen immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy: protocol for a systematic review

Clinical and Translational Allergy ◽

10.1186/s13601-017-0166-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sangeeta Dhami ◽

Ulugbek Nurmatov ◽

Giovanni Battista Pajno ◽

Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas ◽

Antonella Muraro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Allergen Immunotherapy ◽

Ige Mediated

Download Full-text

Intrinsic Atopic Dermatitis: Titration of Precipitins in the Screening of Food Allergens for Prescription of Elimination Diets and Desensitization Strategies

European Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.6.129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Celso E. Olivier ◽

Daiana G. Pinto ◽

Ana P. M. Teixeira ◽

Jhéssica L. S. Santana ◽

Raquel A. P. G. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Food Allergen ◽

Elimination Diet ◽

Food Allergies ◽

P Value ◽

Food Allergens ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Ige Mediated ◽

Positive Correlation Coefficient

Background: The diagnosis of non-IgE mediated food allergies may be a complex puzzle when there is no start point to establish an elimination diet to allow a clear clinical field to initiate diagnostic Oral Food Challenges tests. Objective: To evaluate the opportunity of the tube titration of precipitins to select food allergens to proceed with elimination diets to assist the diagnosis and management of adult patients with Food Allergy manifested as Intrinsic Atopic Dermatitis (IAD). Methods: The tube titration of specific precipitins against anamnesis-chosen food allergens were performed in 64 IAD patients and their titers were associated with an Improvement Verbal Scale Rate (IVSR) of the patient’s perception of the benefits of the Precipitins-based Elimination Diet (PED) performed with these specific food allergens, as well correlated with their positive or negative perception of the impairment of symptoms after the reintroduction of the Symptom-Related Food Allergen (SRFA). Results: In most cases, the PED contributed to a significant clinical improvement that allowed the patients to evaluate the individual effect of the reintroduction of each food allergen on their diets. There was a significant positive correlation coefficient between the titers of the food-specific titration of precipitins and the percentage of positive SRFA (Pearson r = 0.91; p-value = 0.0004). Conclusion: The semiquantitative titration of specific precipitins against food allergens is a promising triage test to select food allergens to proceed with elimination diets to support the diagnosis and management of non-IgE mediated Food Allergy in patients with Intrinsic Atopic Dermatitis.

Download Full-text

Front Cover: A Systematic Review of Metabolic Alterations Underlying IgE‐Mediated Food Allergy in Children

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ◽

10.1002/mnfr.202170062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (23) ◽

pp. 2170062

Author(s):

Ellen De Paepe ◽

Lynn Van Gijseghem ◽

Margot De Spiegeleer ◽

Eric Cox ◽

Lynn Vanhaecke

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Front Cover ◽

Metabolic Alterations ◽

Ige Mediated

Download Full-text

Food allergens: Hypersensitivity to food and food constituents

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0806341s ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (5-6) ◽

pp. 341-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Stankovic

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Cell Types ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Food Hypersensitivity ◽

Severe Form ◽

Food Allergies ◽

Type I ◽

Food Allergens ◽

Ige Mediated

Adverse reactions to food which occur only in susceptible individuals may result from true physical hypersensitivity to components of foods or from psychological factors. Non-allergic food hypersensitivity may be due to a metabolic defect in the affected individual, while in food allergy immune mechanism is involved. Food allergy can be further subdivided into IgE-mediated food allergy and non-IgE-mediated food allergy, depending on the underlying allergic mechanism. Most cases of confirmed food allergy involve the production of IgE antibodies and a network of interactions between various cell types and chemical mediators. This type of allergic reaction is known as an IgE-mediated allergy (or a type I hypersensitivity reaction), and it produces immediate symptoms. The most severe form of IgE-mediated allergy is systematic answer known as anaphylaxis that can be fatal in the absence of adequate medical help. Other less severe allergy manifestations are symptoms like swelling, itching, redness and heat in the mouth, gut, skin or respiratory tract. Hypersensitivity to food requires special dietary treatment, but total exclusion of some foods from the diet can be very difficult, because of the wide distribution of some foodstuffs in the diet or their presence as impurities in other foods. It is very important that producers have good systems of control, traceability and labeling of possible presence of food allergens in order to help people with food allergies to conduct their restrictive diets that are in most cases their lifelong treatment.

Download Full-text