Effect of host plant and changing seasonal development on consumption rates, utilization efficiencies and survival ofMelasoma 20-punctata(Scop.) (Col., Chrysomelidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Topp ◽  
P. Beracz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Consumption Rates

scholarly journals Inoculation- and Fertilization-mediated Changes in Xylem Fluid Chemistry of Soybean and Subsequent Effects on Leafhopper Performance

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 879A-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Andersen ◽  
Brent V. Brodheck ◽  
Russell F. Mizell
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Plant Chemistry ◽  
Xylem Fluid ◽  
High Survivorship ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
And Performance

The xylophagous leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), is an important vector of diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa (e.g., Pierce's disease, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald, etc.). The nutritional status of xylem fluid has a profound influence on leafhopper distribution, feeding, and performance. Xylem fluid typically consists of 95% to 99% water and contains organic compounds (mainly amino acids and organic acids) in low concentration (i.e., 2 to 8 mM). Successful development of this highly polyphagous leafhopper depended on host-plant chemistry. The reasons for variable success on different host species include variable assimilation efficiency of organic compounds and variable feeding rates. An assessment of nutritional requirements for leafhoppers is an integral component for developing a “whole systems” approach for the biological control of xylem-limited diseases. Soybean (Glycine max L.) was used as a model system in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment, with Rhizobium (inoculation/noninoculation) and fertilization source (urea or nitrate) as the main factors, to assess the influence of specific dietary profiles of xylem fluid on leafhopper performance. These treatments resulted in a high survivorship throughout development (inoculated urea); low survivorship throughout development (noninoculated nitrate); high survivorship for nymphs, but decreasing with age (noninoculated urea); and low survivorship for nymphs, but increasing with age (inoculated nitrate). Consumption rates, maturation time, body weight, and body composition were also correlated to host-plant chemistry.

scholarly journals The distinct phenotypic signatures of dispersal and stress in an arthropod model: from physiology to life history

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Dahirel ◽  
Stefano Masier ◽  
David Renault ◽  
Dries Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
New Host ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

AbstractDispersing individuals are expected to encounter costs during transfer and in the novel environment, and may also have experienced stress in their natal patch. Given this, a non-random subset of the population should engage in dispersal and eventually show divergent stress-related responses towards new conditions. Dispersal allows escape from stress, but is equally subjecting individuals to it.Physiological shifts expressed in the metabolome form a major part of responses to stress exposure and are expected to be associated with the dispersal phenotype, thereby shaping physiological dispersal syndromes. We analyzed how metabolic profiles and life-history traits varied between dispersers and residents of the model two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae, and whether and how these syndromes varied with exposure to a stressful new host plant (tomato). Regardless of the effect of host plant, we found a physiological dispersal syndrome where, relative to philopatric individuals, dispersers were characterized by lower leaf consumption rates and a lower concentration of several amino acids, indicating a potential dispersal-foraging trade-off. As a possible consequence of this lower food intake, dispersers also showed a lower reproductive performance. Responses to tomato exposure were consistent with this plant being a stressor forTetranychus urticae, including reduced fecundity and reduced feeding by mites. Tomato-exposed mites laid larger eggs, which can be interpreted as a plastic response to food stress, increasing the likelihood of survival to maturity. Contrary to what could be expected from the costs of dispersal and stress resistance and from previous meta-population level studies, there was no interaction between dispersal status and host plant for any of the examined traits, indicating that the impacts of a new stressful host plant are equally incurred by residents and dispersers.We thus provide novel insights in the processes that shape dispersal and the putative feedbacks on ecological dynamics in spatially structured populations.

Studies on the Feeding and Nutrition of Tuberolachnus Salignus (Gmelin) (Homoptera, Aphididae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
T. E. MITTLER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Tuberolachnus Salignus

1. The aim of this investigation has been to determine the sugar and nitrogen composition of the phloem sieve-tube sap ingested by Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin) feeding on Salix acutifolia stems, and to compare it with that of the honeydew excreted by the aphids. 2. A cage suitable for confining T. salignus on the willow stems is described. 3. Details are given of a technique, outlined by Kennedy & Mittler (1953) for collecting the fluid, termed stylet-sap, which exudes from the cut end of severed embedded stylet-bundles. 4. A method is described for collecting honeydew droplets immediately they are excreted by feeding T. salignus. 5. The nitrogenous matter ingested by T. salignus is in the form of free amino-acids and amides. The same amino-acids and amides are ingested but in greater amounts than they are excreted. 6. The number and concentration of the amino-acids and amides in stylet-sap and honeydew fluctuate with the seasonal development of the host plant. 7. The honeydew contains sucrose, fructose, glucose and melezitose. These sugars are derived from sucrose, the only sugar normally ingested. 8. The evidence for the identity of stylet-sap with the unchanged sieve-tube sap of the host plant is discussed.

Mango: A new host plant for the lycaeinid Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
J. Nayanathara ◽  
R. Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

Anthene lycaenina lycaenina (R. Felder, 1868) is reported on mango for the first time.

The description of a new Bruchophagus species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) developing in seeds of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Descr. (Fabaceae) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M.D. Zerova ◽  
A. Al-Sendi ◽  
V.N. Fursov ◽  
H. Adeli-Manesh ◽  
S.E. Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The new species, Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n., is reared from seed pods of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. (Fabaceae) in Iran (Lorestan). The new species is close to B. platypterus (Walk.), but differs by roundish abdomen and very gibbous, almost globular (in lateral view) mesosoma. These species can be also differentiated by some biological features. The host plant of B. platypterus is Lotus corniculatus L., whereas the new species is reared from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. Holotype of Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n. is deposited in the collection of I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv).

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