Effect of time of year on the development of immature stages of the Large Pine Weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) in stumps of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) and influence of felling date on their growth, density and distribution

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moore ◽  
J. M. Brixey ◽  
A. D. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Time Of Year

Relationship between cortical resin acids and resistance of Sitka spruce to the white pine weevil

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Tomlin ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Harold D. Pierce Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Cortical resin acids were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively among 10 provenances and 11 genotypes of Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis Bong (Carr.), putatively resistant to the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), and compared with susceptible trees. Trees in 5 of the 11 resistant genotypes had significantly greater amounts of cortical resin acid than susceptible trees. Of seven individual acids analyzed, pimaric, isopimaric, levopimaric, dehydroabietic, abietic, and neoabietic acid, but not palustric acid, were found in significantly greater amounts in trees from resistant than susceptible provenances. Eighteen percent of the variation in resin acid content could be accounted for by variation in the capacity of cortical resin ducts, indicating that the other 82% of variation is a result of differences in resin acid concentration in the resin. Trees with very high resin acid levels may have a greater capacity for resinosis than susceptible trees, may deter feeding, or may produce resin that is toxic to eggs and larvae. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that several resistant clones, particularly two from the Kitwanga provenance, could be distinguished from others on the basis of their resin acid profiles. Because it separated trees on the basis of genotype, but not according to degree of resistance, canonical discriminant analysis may be more useful in "chemotyping" trees than in screening for resistance. Keywords: Picea, cortex, resin acids, Pissodes strobi, resistance.

scholarly journals Are there viable chemical and non-chemical alternatives to the use of conventional insecticides for the protection of young trees from damage by the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis L. in UK forestry?

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-712
Author(s):  
Ian H Willoughby ◽  
Roger Moore ◽  
Andrew J Moffat ◽  
Jack Forster ◽  
Imam Sayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk

Abstract In UK forestry, the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides alpha-cypermethrin and cypermethrin have been used for many years to provide protection for young trees planted on restock sites from damage by the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis L. However, concerns over the toxicity of these insecticides to aquatic life if misused have led to a search for alternative forms of protection. This paper describes a detailed programme of efficacy experiments undertaken between 2009 and 2015 to find replacements for these products. Over 50 combinations of chemical and non-chemical approaches were tested on 16 different sites. Of the alternative synthetic insecticides tested, applications of 0.037 g a.i. stem−1 acetamiprid provided high levels of protection from Hylobius browsing damage on young Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) trees, without causing any phytotoxic symptoms, and gave comparable levels of protection to those achievable using alpha-cypermethrin or cypermethrin. Acetamiprid is less toxic to aquatic life than alpha-cypermethrin or cypermethrin and has not been linked to bee decline. Applications of 0.0129 g a.i. stem−1 chlorantraniliprole also showed promise, and this relatively low toxicity non-neonicotinoid insecticide merits further study. Although imidacloprid and thiacloprid also provided good levels of protection, their use in forests is not now permitted due to concerns over their potential impacts on bees and drinking water, respectively. Whilst the natural product insecticide spinosad, and the entomopathogenic fungal control agent Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin, gave only limited protection in our work, they may have some future potential if methods of deployment can be improved. Other chemical and non-chemical approaches tested, but found to be largely ineffective in UK conditions, included the natural product insecticides azadirachtin, maltodextrin and pyrethrins, the synthetic insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and spirotetramat and a wide range of repellents, flexible stem coatings and physical barrier products. However, we conclude that physical barrier sleeves such as MultiPro® and BioSleeve® may have a limited role as a partial substitute for the use of insecticides in the UK in some circumstances, but only if on-site populations of Hylobius are predicted to be low.

PREDATION BY LONCHAEA CORTICIS (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE) ON THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Alfaro ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractThe predatory behavior of Lonchaea corticis Taylor on the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., was studied by temporal sampling and dissection of terminal leaders, and by laboratory experiments. L. corticis oviposition occurred when mining P. strobi larvae were consolidating the feeding ring, an event that segregates the weevil larvae into healthy front-feeders and weak, starving "followers." The number of L. corticis within a Sitka spruce terminal was highly correlated with the number of weak and dying P. strobi larvae, but not with healthy larvae.L. corticis larvae experimentally deprived of dead P. strobi larvae, behaved as an effective predator, consuming both weak P. strobi larvae and healthy pupae, but apparently not healthy larvae. The transition of L. corticis from second to third instar appeared to occur only after sufficient weevils had been consumed. When an excess of prey was present, L. corticis larvae consumed a mean of 2.9 P. strobi pupae over their entire life cycle. In choice experiments, L. corticis larvae searched for and located mining P. strobi larvae, and fed preferentially on P. strobi pupae rather than granary weevil pupae, Sitophilus granarius L. Under certain circumstances, L. corticis could be an important regulatory agent of P. strobi populations.

Control of white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi, on Sitka spruce using implants containing systemic insecticide

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Fraser ◽  
D. G. Heppner
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alternative Delivery ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Young Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., trees in three stands were treated with either Gelcaps® containing oxydemeton-methyl or Acecaps® containing acephate to test their effectiveness in protecting trees from white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) attack. All treatments were applied in late March 1989. Weevil attack was recorded in early September 1989, 1990 and 1991. Attack was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in all but one stand/treatment combination in 1989. Gelcaps provided significant protection (P < 0.01) in two of three stands after two years. Stem implants containing systemic insecticide can protect young Sitka spruce from weevil attack. Alternative delivery systems, such as the Ezect® lance, should be evaluated as they may improve the speed and lower the cost of operational treatments. Keywords: acephate, oxydemeton-methyl, stem implants, systemic insecticides, white pine weevil

PINE OIL, A FEEDING DETERRENT FOR THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Alfaro ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
L. J. Harris ◽  
W. W. Nijholt ◽  
L. H. McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Feeding Bioassay ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractPine oil effectively reduced feeding by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in a laboratory feeding bioassay utilizing agar discs containing dry, powdered bark of its host Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Possible utilization of pine oil under field conditions is discussed.

An integrated genomic, proteomic and biochemical analysis of (+)-3-carene biosynthesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) genotypes that are resistant or susceptible to white pine weevil

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn E. Hall ◽  
Jeanne A. Robert ◽  
Christopher I. Keeling ◽  
Dominik Domanski ◽  
Alfonso Lara Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Delivering Sitka spruce with resistance against white pine weevil in British Columbia, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (02) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
John N. King ◽  
Lara vanAkker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr) breeding program for resistance against the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi Peck (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is arguably one of the most successful pest resistance breeding programs for plantation forest species in North America, with a substantial proportion of the planting stock in BC and Washington State currently coming from this breeding program. Using conventional selection and breeding, and by screening Sitka spruce populations using artificial weevil infestations, we identified sources of heritable and stable weevil resistance. We also used this program to investigate potential causes behind this resistance and identified several heritable resistance mechanisms, including anatomical characteristics, such as constitutive resin canals and sclereid cells in the bark, terpene defenses and variation in tree phenology. We concluded that resistance is conferred by a suite of traits whose composition varies among resistant sources. In addition, we evaluated the efficiency of screening for resistance using weevil population enhancement as a screening method. Our results culminated in the establishment of seed orchards, and the availability of resistant seed that is contributing to the return of Sitka spruce as a species of choice in coastal British Columbia.

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