Sequential Sterilization of Banana (Musa Spp.) Sucker Tip Reducing Microbial Contamination With Highest Establishment Percentage

Sterilization procedure was standardized for grand naine cultivar of banana using various sterilants in combinations and alone. The observations were recorded regularly with respect to presence of fungal, bacteria as well as percentages of culture establishment. Results indicated that a treatment combination No. 3 [Lactic acid (0.15 %) + Tween-20 (0.1 %) + 0.8 % Commercial bleach (30 Min.) followed by Sodium chlorite (0.3 %) (20 min)] gave the highest percentage of aseptic culture establishment in vitro condition. The present study also showed that, single step aseptic inoculation was unable to control endophytic contaminants while sequential treatments were good enough to reduce microbial load as well as increase culture survival. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1151-1158, 2021 (December)

The growth and production of field rice (Oryza sativa l.) Inpari 9 and Mentik Wangi variety on peat land and peat buried

Rice plant is paddy producing plant needed by most of Indonesians as staple food. Sei Geringging Village in Kampar District, Kampar Kiri Sub-District had technically irrigated field on peat land and peat buried. Farmers on Sei Geringging Village farmed 2 kinds of rice which were prime variety and local variety. Most of prime variety farmed was Inpari 9 and the local variety was Mentik Wangi. Farmers on Sei Geringging Village had been farming the rice without knowing which variety had been best to farm on peat land and on peat buried that the yield had not been optimal. This research aimed to know the comparison of maximum growth and production rate of Inpari 9 and Mentik Wangi variety rice on peat land and peat buried. This research was done by a survey with descriptive method .Treatment combination was repeatedly done 4 times resulting 16 unit trial squares. Each square had 5 sample plants. Best growth was on peat land that planted with the Inpari 9 variety and on peat buried was planted with Mentik Wangi variety resulting yield of 4,20 ton.ha-1

Kajian Mutu Kimia Bubuk Kopi Espresso Aceh Berdasarkan Rasio Pencampuran Varietas Kopi Arabika dan Robusta dan Teknik Penyangraian

Generally there are two coffee varietes cultivated in Indonesia, known as Arabica and Robusta coffee. Arabica distinctively known for its distinctive quality but limited quantity compared to robusta which is commonly use for commercial coffee production due to its robust productivity. Nowadays, global market demand encourages a huge variety of coffee product, based on coffee such as espresso. The quality of espresso is influence by many factors such as roasting technique and ratio blending of coffee ground. This study aims to determine the influence of blending ratio and roasting techniqus to the chemical compounds of coffee ground and its espresso brewed. This research used Factorial Random Design, consists of 2 factors. First factor is ratio of blending Arabica and Robusta with three levels ratio; B1=70:30; B2=80:20; and B3=90:10). The second factor is roasting technique, consisting of 2 levels of conventional roasting(P1) and torrefacto (P2). Each treatment was repeated 3 replications to obtain 18 units of experiment. Measured parameters are pH of brewed espresso and moisture (%), ash (%), protein (%), lipid (%) and caffeine (%) contents of coffee ground. The results showed that the blending ratio was highly significant (P≤0,01) to the moisture and protein contents of coffee grounds and pH of resulted espresso. The best treatment was obtained from combination of B1P1 treatment (combination blending ratio (70%:30%) and conventional roasting) with 2.00% moisture content, 4.83% ash, 13.04% protein, 10.41% fat, 81.17% carbohydrate and caffeine 1.49%.

A Systematic Review of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Cirrhotic Ascites

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend in the research on cirrhotic ascites using t herbal medicine.Methods: This review was conducted using six electronic databases(NDSL, KMBASE, Koreantk, KISS, KISTI, KoreaMed) with no restriction in year. The search term was ‘liver cirrhosis’, ‘ascites’, or ‘cirrhotic ascites’, ‘herbal medicine’, ‘traditional Chinese medicine’, and ‘randomized clinical trial’, and there was no restriction in year. The searched studies were analyzed according to the type of research.Results: After scanning the titles and abstracts, 13 articles were ultimately included. Of the outcome measures of 13 studies, effective rate, liver function test, and ascites regression time were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that the effective rate of herbal medicine-supportive treatment combination therapy was 1.27 times higher than that of supportive treatment alone, and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions: We analyzed the trends of cirrhotic ascites treatment in herbal medicine through this review. It is necessary to conduct further studies, such as well-designed clinical trials based on the results from experimental research.

Shoot Growth and Flower Bud Production of Peony Plants under Subtropical Conditions

Peony plants require temperate winter temperatures to break underground bud dormancy and allow shoot emergence and flowering in spring. This study assessed whether artificial chilling at 4 °C for 2–6 weeks could induce shoot emergence and flowering under subtropical conditions. It also assessed whether pre-treatment at cool temperatures prior to chilling, or gibberellin application after chilling, promoted shoot emergence and flowering. Artificial chilling at 4 °C for 4 or 6 weeks promoted the greatest shoot emergence. Pre-treatment at cool temperatures did not affect shoot growth or flower bud production but it improved shoot emergence from plants also treated with gibberellin. Gibberellin more than doubled the number of shoots per plant without affecting shoot length. The optimal treatment combination for shoot emergence, growth and flower bud production was pre-treatment from 20 °C to 8 °C over an 8-day period in autumn, chilling at 4 °C for 6 weeks in early winter, and treatment with 250 mL of 100 mg/L GA3, before returning plants to subtropical winter conditions. This treatment combination provided medians of 3 (0–7) and 8 (0–31) flower buds per plant in the second and third years of production, respectively. Peony flowers can be produced in subtropical climates using artificial chilling and gibberellin, allowing out-of-season market supply.

PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN PINTU MASUK BUBU LIPAT BERDASARKAN ASPEK TINGKAH LAKU RAJUNGAN

Blue swimming crab fishing using collapsible traps is widely used by fishermen because its caught live crabs and high selectivity. However, the passive fishing operation causes its low fishing productivity. The success of crabs fishing using folding traps is influenced by the suitability of the entrance design used. The size of the net and the inclination angle that are not by the crab's behavior will cause the crab to fail to be caught. This study aims to determine the more effective entrance design for catching crabs using the collapsible trap. The study was conducted in a laboratory using three mesh sizes, including 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 inches with 30°, 40°, and 50° inclination angles. Each treatment combination uses different individual crabs. The study was conducted at night in an aquarium equipped with an infrared camera. Differences in mesh size and angle of inclination affect the crab's success rate and crawling speed in crossing the net field. The results showed that the highest percentage of crabs that successfully crossed the net field was obtained using a 1.25-inch mesh with an angle of 40°. The highest average crawling speed was also obtained at the same mesh size and angle of inclination. The use of a 1.25-inch mesh with an angle of 40° is expected to increase the effectiveness of catching crabs with folding traps.

Enhancement of Growth, Flowering and Corm Freesia Hybrida Plant via Rice Organic Residue Application and Chelated Zinc Spray

A pot trial was conducted to identify the effect of adding rice organic residues (ROR) to the potting soil and spraying chelated zinc (CZn) on the growth, flowering, and corm characteristics of the Freesia hybrida plant. An RCBD experiment was adopted with two factors and three replicates. ROR comprised three levels (0, 4, and 8%), and CZn included three concentrations (0, 20, and 40) mg.L−1. The findings revealed that applying ROR at 8% and spraying CZn at 20 mg.L−1 significantly increased leaf number, shoot dry weight, total chlorophyll content in fresh leaves, and total soluble carbohydrate content in dry leaves (6.66 leaves. plant−1, 8.76 g DW, 48.79 mg.100 g−1 FW, and 1.50 g DW) respectively. Also, the same treatment combination realized significant results for the number of florets per inflorescence, floret diameter, floret vase life, number of corms per plant, and corm diameter by (12.85 florets. inflorescence−1, 7.03 cm, 8 days, 3.66 corms. plant−1, and 2.33 cm) consecutively. Further, adding ROR at 8% and spraying CZn at 40 mg.L−1 significantly increased the number of inflorescences (5.33 inflorescences. plant−1) and inflorescence length (39.10 cm).

Development stages of soybean varieties against pod sucking pest Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae) under two different cultivation technologies

Pod sucking pest, Riptortus linearis, is one of the important pests on soybeans which cause high yield losses. In order to reduce yield loss, information related to the development stages of resistant varieties and appropriate cultivation technology is needed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the development stages of soybean varieties and cultivation technology on the population and intensity of pod sucking pests, R. linearis, attack and soybean yield. The study was conducted in a split plot design with two factors, namely cultivation technology [recommendation technology (TR) and existing technology (TE)], and soybean varieties: [Detap-1 (V1), Dega-1 (V2), Anjasmoro (V3), Biosoy (V4), and Dena-1 (V5)]. Each treatment combination was replicated three times resulting in 30 experimental plots. The results showed that soybean varieties affected the population and intensity of R. linearis. Development stages of soybean varieties that positively correlated with pest populations were plant height with a correlation coefficient value r=0.52, followed by pod trichome density (r=0.12), and the number of pods attacked (r=0.49). While the character that correlated with the intensity of pest attack was the density of trichomes (r=0.20). Recommended cultivation technology can increase soybean productivity between 0.1 – 0.47 ton/ha compared to farmers’ existing technology.

A study on physical characteristics of dried bio-slurry produced in tropical condition through treatment combination of drying and turning period

The research aims to evaluate the physical characteristics of dried bio-slurry produced by treatment combination of drying and turning period in tropical conditions. Research material used fixed-dome digester model with a capacity of 12 m3 and cattle dung from Simmental crossbreed. Physical characteristics of bio-slurry were obtained by combining treatments between drying period (15 and 30 days) and turning period (each turning process in 7 and 10th day) as follows: T1 (15 days and 7th day), T2 (15 days and 10th day), T3 (30 days and 7th day), T4 (30 days and 10th day). The chemical compound of fresh bio-slurry was analyzed as initial information. The humidity, temperature, and color data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further analyzed using Tukey’s test. Also, the chemical compound and pH used descriptive analysis. The study obtained that the chemical composition of fresh bio-slurry was moisture content (89.53%), C-organic (37.27%), nitrogen (48.92ppm), phosphor (1.71%), potassium (3.89%), and C/N ratio (7.454). Besides, the treatment showed a significant difference (P<0.01) in humidity and color. Temperature dan pH of dried bio-slurry remained constant at 29.10-29.270C and 7 respectively. Therefore, treatment combinations can be applied to make dried bio-slurry as fertilizer in tropical conditions.

Bayesian Design for Identifying Cohort-Specific Optimal Dose Combinations Based on Multiple Endpoints: Application to a Phase I Trial in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immunotherapy and chemotherapy combinations have proven to be a safe and efficacious treatment approach in multiple settings. However, it is not clear whether approved doses of chemotherapy developed to achieve a maximum tolerated dose are the ideal dose when combining cytotoxic chemotherapy with immunotherapy to induce immune responses. This trial of a modulated dose chemotherapy and Pembrolizumab, with or without a second immunomodulatory agent, uses a Bayesian design to select the optimal treatment combination by balancing both safety and efficacy of the chemotherapy and immunotherapy agents within each of two cohorts. The simulation study provides evidence that the proposed Bayesian design successfully addresses the primary study aim to identify the optimal dose combination for each of the two independent patient cohorts. This conclusion is supported by the high percentage of simulated trials which select a treatment combination that is both safe and highly efficacious. The proposed trial was funded and was being finalized when the sponsoring company decided not to proceed due to negative findings in another patient population. The proposed trial design will continue to be relevant as multiple chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations become the standard of care and future research will require evaluating the appropriate doses of various components of multiple drug regimens.