Effect of Intramammary Injection of RbIL-8 on Milk Levels of Somatic Cell Count, Chemiluminescence Activity and Shedding Patterns of Total Bacteria and S. aureus in Holstein Cows with Naturally Infected-subclinical Mastitis

Abstract Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson’s correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (p<0.05) cows positive for a pathogen from cows negative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (p<0.05) but was not able to discriminate between positive and negative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

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Detection of subclinical mastitis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) using somatic cell count, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase activity

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106512 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106512

Author(s):

D. Seligsohn ◽

M. Younan ◽

T. Larsen ◽

J.M. Morrell ◽

E. Chenais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Camelus Dromedarius ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

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Threshold somatic cell count for delineation of subclinical mastitis cases

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2018.789-793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 789-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. V. Jadhav ◽

D. N. Das ◽

K. P. Suresh ◽

B. R. Shome

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis

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The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/43/2021-cjas ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tvarožková ◽

Vašíček ◽

Uhrinčať ◽

Mačuhová ◽

Hleba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 < 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 < 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 < 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 < 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC < 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

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Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1555

Author(s):

Luiz Francisco Zafalon ◽

Raul Costa Mascarenhas Santana ◽

Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽

Guilherme Aparecido Fim Júnior

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Santa Inês ◽

Etiological Agents

The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds and the values for somatic cell count (SCC) in milk for the diagnosis of the disease at lactation and weaning, a fundamental prerequisite for identifying animals in need of control measures. Milk samples were obtained from 1,457 mammary halves of Santa Inês, Texel, Ile de France, and Dorper sheep at two different periods, during the second week of lactation and at weaning. After teats antisepsis, the samples were collected, and identification of the infectious etiology of mastitis and determination of SCC were performed. Microorganisms were identified in 117/762 (15.3%) mammary halves in the second week of lactation and in 86/694 (12.4%) at weaning. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the etiological agents with the highest incidence alone and in association with other microorganisms, with percentages of 58.1% and 60.6%, respectively. The Santa Inês presented a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis when compared to the other breeds. The cut-off values of SCC for subclinical mastitis were determined at both sampling periods and varied according to stage of lactation, as well breed. These results illustrate the lack of a universal value that can be used for the diagnosis of mastitis and suggests the need for permanent follow-up in herds in order to control the disease.

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LEP and SCD polymorphisms are associated with milk somatic cell count, electrical conductivity and pH values in Holstein cows

Animal Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/10495398.2019.1628767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 498-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jale Metin Kiyici ◽

Bilal Akyüz ◽

Mahmut Kaliber ◽

Korhan Arslan ◽

Esma Gamze Aksel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Ph Values

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Reliability of the bulk milk somatic cell count as an indication of average herd somatic cell count

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029909990264 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 490-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jan Lievaart ◽

Herman W Barkema ◽

Henk Hogeveen ◽

Wim Kremer

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Management Practices ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Sampling Variation ◽

The Difference

Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is a frequently used parameter to estimate the subclinical mastitis prevalence in a dairy herd, but it often differs considerably from the average SCC of all individual cows in milk. In this study, first the sampling variation was determined on 53 dairy farms with a BMSCC ranging from 56 000 to 441 000 cells/ml by collecting five samples on each farm of the same bulk tank. The average absolute sampling variation ranged from 1800 to 19 800 cells/ml. To what extent BMSCC represents all lactating cows was evaluated in another 246 farms by comparing BMSCC to the average herd SCC corrected for milk yield (CHSCC), after the difference was corrected for the sampling variation of BMSCC. On average BMSCC was 49 000 cells/ml lower than CHSCC, ranging from −10 000 cells/ml to 182 000 cells/ml, while the difference increased with an increasing BMSCC. Subsequently, management practices associated with existing differences were identified. Farms with a small (<20%) difference between BMSCC and CHSCC administered intramuscular antibiotics for the treatment of clinical mastitis more often, used the high SCC history when cows were dried off more frequently and had a higher number of treatments per clinical mastitis case compared with farms with a large (⩾20%) difference. Farms feeding high-SCC milk or milk with antibiotic residues to calves were 2·4-times more likely to have a large difference. Although sampling variation influences the differences between BMSCC and CHSCC, the remaining difference is still important and should be considered when BMSCC is used to review the average herd SCC and the subclinical mastitis prevalence.

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