BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON BRAIN SWELLING II. INFLUENCE OF BRAIN SWELLING AND ISCHEMIA ON THE FORMATION OF AN ENDOGENOUS INHIBITOR IN MITOCHONDRIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Kame Ozawa ◽  
Kiichiro Seta ◽  
Hajime Handa
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Biochemical Studies

scholarly journals The structure of the RCAN1:CN complex explains the inhibition of and substrate recruitment by calcineurin

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (27) ◽  
pp. eaba3681
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Sarah R. Sheftic ◽  
Simina Grigoriu ◽  
Charles D. Schwieters ◽  
Rebecca Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Weak Inhibitor ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Multiple Routes

Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is an endogenous inhibitor of the Ser/Thr phosphatase calcineurin (CN). It has been shown that excessive inhibition of CN is a critical factor for Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we determined RCAN1’s mode of action. Using a combination of structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies, we show that RCAN1 inhibits CN via multiple routes: first, by blocking essential substrate recruitment sites and, second, by blocking the CN active site using two distinct mechanisms. We also show that phosphorylation either inhibits RCAN1-CN assembly or converts RCAN1 into a weak inhibitor, which can be reversed by CN via dephosphorylation. This highlights the interplay between posttranslational modifications in regulating CN activity. Last, this work advances our understanding of how active site inhibition of CN can be achieved in a highly specific manner. Together, these data provide the necessary road map for targeting multiple neurological disorders.

scholarly journals 50. Biochemical Studies on Brain Swelling

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
Kiichiro SETA ◽  
Hiroshi ARAKI ◽  
Kazuo OZAWA ◽  
Hajime HANDA
Keyword(s):  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Ruthenium Red Staining of Human Hard Keratin Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
M. C. Buhrer ◽  
R. A. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Materials

Ruthenium red has been used as a stain to demonstrate a variety of extracellular materials, especially acid mucopolysaccharides. It also reacts with certain intracellular and extracellular lipids. Since biochemical studies in our laboratory demonstrated the presence of a variety of monosaccharides in human hair ruthenium red staining procedures were adopted in order to evaluate the presence and morphological location of acid oligosaccharides in the keratinized aspect of hair.

Effects of Hypophysectomy on the Fine Structure of Rat Liver Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
And Control

Hypophysectomy of the rat renders this animal deficient in the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, thus causing many primary and secondary hormonal effects on basic liver functions. Biochemical studies of these alterations in the rat liver cell are quite extensive; however, relatively few morphological observations on such cells have been recorded. Because the available biochemical information was derived mostly from disrupted and fractionated liver cells, it seemed desirable to examine the problem with the techniques of electron microscopy in order to see what changes are apparent in the intact liver cell after hypophysectomy. Accordingly, liver cells from rats which had been hypophysectomized 5-120 days before sacrifice were studied. Sham-operated rats served as controls and both hypophysectomized and control rats were fasted 15 hours before sacrifice.

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