scholarly journals An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non‐rod, non‐cone photoreceptor system in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 535 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Thapan ◽  
Josephine Arendt ◽  
Debra J. Skene
Keyword(s):  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Melatonin Suppression

scholarly journals Spectral Tuning of White Light Allows for Strong Reduction in Melatonin Suppression without Changing Illumination Level or Color Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan L. Souman ◽  
Tobias Borra ◽  
Iris de Goijer ◽  
Luc J. M. Schlangen ◽  
Björn N. S. Vlaskamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
High Power ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Melatonin Suppression ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Melatonin Production

Studies with monochromatic light stimuli have shown that the action spectrum for melatonin suppression exhibits its highest sensitivity at short wavelengths, around 460 to 480 nm. Other studies have demonstrated that filtering out the short wavelengths from white light reduces melatonin suppression. However, this filtering of short wavelengths was generally confounded with reduced light intensity and/or changes in color temperature. Moreover, it changed the appearance from white light to yellow/orange, rendering it unusable for many practical applications. Here, we show that selectively tuning a polychromatic white light spectrum, compensating for the reduction in spectral power between 450 and 500 nm by enhancing power at even shorter wavelengths, can produce greatly different effects on melatonin production, without changes in illuminance or color temperature. On different evenings, 15 participants were exposed to 3 h of white light with either low or high power between 450 and 500 nm, and the effects on salivary melatonin levels and alertness were compared with those during a dim light baseline. Exposure to the spectrum with low power between 450 and 500 nm, but high power at even shorter wavelengths, did not suppress melatonin compared with dim light, despite a large difference in illuminance (175 vs. <5 lux). In contrast, exposure to the spectrum with high power between 450 and 500 nm (also 175 lux) resulted in almost 50% melatonin suppression. For alertness, no significant differences between the 3 conditions were observed. These results open up new opportunities for lighting applications that allow for the use of electrical lighting without disturbance of melatonin production.

scholarly journals Artificial light sources as light pollutant of humans melatonin suppression

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jakubowski
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Melatonin Suppression

Blue light emitted by LEDs might influence on natural biological rhythm of human being, what can be considered as environment pollution. In this paper the effect of the latest commercially available LEDs on melatonin suppression index (MSI) was analyzed. Research was done based on spectral power distribution of given LED (SPD) and melatonin suppression function in reference to melatonin suppression under daylight (illuminant D65). Results of calculations shows strong correlation between CCT and MSI, however MSI factor might vary for different LEDs with same CCT. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. C. Sun, et al., Packaging efficiency in phosphor-converted white LEDs and its impact to the limit of luminous efficacy, Journal of Solid State Lighting, 1:19, (2014). CrossRef M. S. Rea, M. G. Figueiro, J. D. Bullough, "Circadian photobiology: An emerging framework for lighting practice and research", Light Research Technology Vol. 34(3), (2002). CrossRef I. Fryc, P. Jakubowski, K. Kołacz, Analysis of optical radiation parameters of compact discharge HID lamps and LED COB modules used for illuminating shop windows, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 93, No. 11, (2017). CrossRef G. C. Brainard, J. P. Hanifin, J.M. Greeson, B. Byrne, E. Gerner, D. D. Rollang, "Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor", Journal of Neuroscience vol. 21, (2001). CrossRef K. Thapan, J. Arendt, D. J. Skene, "An action spectrum for melatonin supression: evidence for a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans," Journal of Physiology vol. 535, (2001). CrossRef I. Fryc, J. Fryc, P. Jakubowski, K. A. Wąsowski, Technical, medical and legal aspects of domestic light sources photobiological safety, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 93, No. 3, (2017). CrossRef J. Enzi et. al, A "Melanopic" Spectral Efficiency Function Predicts the Sensitivity of Melanopsin Photoreceptors to Polychromatic Lights Journal of biological rhytms, Vol. 26 No. 4, (2011). CrossRef M. Aube, J. Roby J, M. Kocifaj, Evaluating Potential Spectral Impacts of Various Artificial Lights on Melatonin Suppression, Photosynthesis, and Star Visibility. PLOS ONE, Vol. 8, (2013). CrossRef P. Jakubowski, I. Fryc, Metrological requirements for measurements of circadian radiation, Optica Applicata, Vol. 48 Issue 4, (2018). CrossRef P. Jakubowski, I. Fryc, Measurement methods of optical radiation in circadian active range, Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej, nr 54 (2017). DirectLink P. Jakubowski, Comparative analysis of light parameters of LEDs and OLEDs in context of blue light emission, Polish Journal for Sustainable Development 21 (2), (2017). CrossRef CIE TN003:2015, "Report on the First International Workshop on Circadian and neurophysiological Photometry", (2015). DirectLink

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