Effects of Maternal Employment—Childrearing Pattern on College Students' Perceptions of a Mother and Her Child

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Bridges ◽  
Ann Marie Orza
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Social Role ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Public University ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Lower Middle Class

This study examined college students' perceptions of different maternal employment-childrearing patterns: continuous employment after 6 weeks of maternity leave, interrupted employment until the child was in first grade, or nonemployment after the child's birth. Primarily Caucasian lower-middle-class volunteers ( n = 200) from a public university read a description of a mother who followed one of these patterns. Results showed that the mother who was continuously employed was rated as less communal and was less positively evaluated than either the mother who interrupted her employment or the nonemployed mother. Further, her child was expected to experience more negative outcomes than the children of either of the other two mothers. Discussion focuses on social role theory and college students' role expectations.

Negotiating Gender Roles to Enact Body Appreciation and Positive Embodiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Murnen ◽  
Linda Smolak
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
The Relationship

In American culture, men experience greater body appreciation and less body dissatisfaction than women. To help explain these findings, this chapter examines theory and data concerning the relationship between gender role expectations and women’s and men’s embodiment. Data show that traditional feminine roles promote a focus on appearance and self-objectification that is negatively associated with body empowerment, while traditional masculine roles promote more functional body experiences associated with greater embodiment. This chapter discusses how gender roles can be changed to promote positive embodiment. According to social role theory, traditional gender roles result from, and help support, a gender unequal society. Feminism has led to some change in gender roles, but more change is needed, such as encouragement of caretaking among boys and men and instrumental traits and roles for girls and women. There is also the need to render people less vulnerable to body image pressures, supporting body empowerment during development.

Psychotherapy According to Social Role Theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Albert Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Role Theory

Gender Differences in the Psychology of Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin J. Hanek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Drawing primarily on the literature in experimental economics and social psychology, this article reviews key findings on gender differences for two aspects of competitiveness and competition: entry preferences and performance. Although women, relative to men, have been shown to shy away from competition and underperform in competitive environments, this article also discusses boundary conditions for these effects, such as the nature of the task or gender composition of the group, and highlights manifestations of these effects in applied domains, including in negotiations, the labor market, educational settings, and sports. Adopting social psychological frameworks of prescriptive norms and stereotypes, particularly social role theory, this article examines ways in which gender-incongruencies may underpin gender gaps in competition and gender-congruencies may alleviate them. Finally, this article considers implications for individuals and institutions as well as future directions in the field to continue finding ways to close gaps.

Scientific truth and perceived truth about sexual human nature: Implications for therapists

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-596
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Buckhalt ◽  
Erica J. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Naive Theories ◽  
Strategic Pluralism ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Sexual Strategies Theory

Therapists and their patients must deal with the negative sequelae of short term mating strategies. Implications for therapy of Gangestad & Simpson's strategic pluralism theory are compared with those of Buss's sexual strategies theory and Eagly's social role theory. Naive theories held by therapists and patients, as well as prevailing societal views, are posited as influential in determining the course and outcome of therapy.

The Application of Social Role Theory to the Study of Gender in Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. 173-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Schneider ◽  
Angela L. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Role Theory
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document