God, Grades, and Graduation

It’s widely acknowledged that American parents from different class backgrounds take different approaches to raising their children. But missing from the discussion is the fact that millions of parents on both sides of the class divide are raising their children to listen to God. What impact does a religious upbringing have on their academic trajectories? Drawing on 10 years of survey data with over 3,000 teenagers and over 200 interviews, God, Grades, and Graduation offers a revealing and at times surprising account of how teenagers’ religious upbringing influences their educational pathways from high school to college. God, Grades, and Graduation introduces readers to a childrearing logic that cuts across social class groups and accounts for Americans’ deep relationship with God: religious restraint. This book takes us inside the lives of these teenagers to discover why they achieve higher grades than their peers, why they are more likely to graduate from college, and why boys from lower-middle-class families particularly benefit from religious restraint. But readers also learn how for middle-upper-class kids—and for girls especially—religious restraint recalibrates their academic ambitions after graduation, leading them to question the value of attending a selective college despite their stellar grades in high school. By illuminating the far-reaching effects of the childrearing logic of religious restraint, God, Grades, and Graduation offers a compelling new narrative about the role of religion in academic outcomes and educational inequality.

Pengaruh Strategi Pemasaran Asuransi Mikro terhadap Kesejahteraan UMKM di Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to explain a phenomena that happened in the Indonesian microinsurance business. Using the case study technique, we observed that microinsurance is still difficult to develop based on the overall population of Indonesians. If the main idea of micro insurance is applied, micro insurance products are still widely available in big cities but have yet to reach low-income individuals or UMKM. A breakthrough is necessary to produce microinsurance. This microinsurance business must be developed through a network of local communities, which are usually located in the lower middle class, or UMKM. Aside from that, marketers must have a set of tools at their disposal, such as a suitable ICT-based market (community) database. As a result, any microinsurance business formed must be targeted to the demands of the Indonesian government, such as microinsurance for agricultural, livestock, and fisherman, particularly in rural regions. Meanwhile, the most enticing micro insurance enterprises for metropolitan regions are personal accidents, property, and motor and vehicles. Keywords: Micro, UMKM, Insurance, Marketing.

“Thief in the Name of Kidd”: Unscrupulous Opportunism and Cheap Print in Late Regency London

William Kidd saw himself as a struggling small publisher of illustrated books operating during the 1830s in a marketplace that favoured large scale firms. His response to his perceived disadvantages was twofold. In seeking to reach a rapidly expanding cohort of leisure-based readers, Kidd deployed aggressive marketing policies that frequently sailed close to the law and generated considerable controversy. He was also less than honest about just who had written or illustrated his books. At the same time, he initiated new genres of relatively cheap illustrated publications based on the recreational interest and habits of an emerging lower middle class and artisan reading public. In particular, he took advantage of the wood engraving as a cheap reprographic medium, and employed highly capable draughtsmen such as Robert Cruikshank, Robert Seymour and George Bonner to illustrate his books and pamphlets. His pocket guides to British seaside resorts, his development of the illustrated reprints known as jeu d’esprit or Facetiae and his packaging up of sayings, mottos and nuggets of information into small format gatherings all show a lively minded and innovative response to the rapidly changing literary marketplace. Kidd’s career suggests both the legally chaotic nature of the literary marketplace and the entrepreneurial opportunities offered to a shrewd if unscrupulous publisher in late Regency London.

The 9th Lawrence R. Schehr Memorial Award Winning Essay

In the nineteenth century, France was no nation of modern language learners. This was not by any means because France was isolated from other nations: on the contrary, its increasing desire to expand its colonies, its international links through diplomacy, trade, and culture, and significant levels of immigration into France, all positioned it at the heart of a multicultural, multilingual global network. However, for much of the century, modern languages were widely considered to be a rather decorative accomplishment; it was only with France’s devastating defeat by Prussia in 1871 that the dearth of language skills among the French population began to cause widespread concern and to be seen as a worrying national weakness. Although lengthy texts and speeches mediated and scrutinized this dramatic shift for the upper classes, for the popular audiences of workers, artisans, and lower-middle class clerks and shopkeepers it was often café-concert song that confronted its novelty and its strangeness. Dozens of songs were written between 1870 and 1914 about teachers, pupils, dubious accents, and mediocre exam results. This article explores these songs - about Spanish, German, and English - to question how they reflect upon attitudes to language learning, upon popular perceptions of France’s neighboring nations, and upon the audience’s own sense of identity as Parisians and as French citizens.

On being a space invader and the thing around my neck

This article presents itself as an autoethnographic reflection on my positionality as a veiled, South African Muslim of Cape Malay descent and lower middle class background, attempting to navigate access to white educational space, as part of my doctoral research in Flemish primary schools. I explore what it means to be racialized as ‘other’ whilst also assuming a position of ‘authority’ as researcher, and occupying a particular space (positioned as neutral and secular) as a ‘body out of place’ (Puwar, 2004), in which a symmetry can be seen between myself and those categorised as ‘other’. The aim of this article is to reflect on how this occurs through certain processes, namely: (in)visibilisation; reprimanding; compartmentalisation; and, interpellation. I also reflect on the body of the anthropologist and the idea of the ‘objective researcher’ in order to illuminate how the mechanisms of racialization work. I engage the ensuing psychological burden brought about by the encounter with the ‘white gaze’ (Fanon, 2008). As a complement to the autoethnography, I make use of literary fiction as a method of analysis, in order to highlight the way in which literature can stimulate the formation of analytical insights (see Craith & Kockel, 2014) and, I draw on film.

BIMBINGAN DAN PELATIHAN PENERAPAN ETIKA BISNIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEMAMPUAN IBU-IBU WARGA VILLA SENGKALING DESA MULYOAGUNG KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG

Since the Covid-19 outbreak, resulted some health crisis and also disrupted economic activity. From these conditions, it could be seen that the SME’S sector (that majority were the lower middle class) had been heavily affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This activity that held by PKM team in 2021 was aimed to provided education to all of entrepreneur that do some business in food and beverages regarding business ethics during the COVID-19 pandemic. This activity was carried out at the Sengkaling Villa Meeting Hall, attended by 20 participants. To implemented our service activities was done by transferring knowledge and discussing some questions and also give the answers. Evaluation of participants' understanding was done by distributing questionnaires. Knowledge transfer was carried out by giving presentations on the meaning and purpose of business ethics, business ethics according to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and also business ethics during the Pandemic. This activity received a positive response from the training participants and we hoped that the target audience will continue to upgraded services in the food and beverages sector so that businesses could survived during the pandemic while maintained good business ethics.

Representation of violence value in Joker Film

The Joker film aired in Indonesia on October 2, 2019. This film was widely discussed by the audience and succeeded in bringing the audience into the atmosphere of the film. This is because the problems that are taken often occur in the life of the general public. This film tells the story of Arthur aka Joker, whose life is filled with sadness, cheating, injustice as a lower middle-class citizen so that he is treated inappropriately by society and his family. Everything that happened to him resulted in the victim becoming the perpetrator of violence. Researchers are interested in analyzing the Joker film more deeply, and this is because the shows in the film contain violence that can trigger various physical and mental conditions such as aggressive behaviour, violent behaviour, bullying, fear, depression and nightmares for those who watch it. The purpose of this research is to find out how the representation of violence in the Joker film viewed from the Semiotics of Roland Barths to determine a meaning using the concepts of denotation, connotation, and myths taken from several scenes that represent the value of violence in the Joker film. The findings from the results of this study indicate that there are 16 scenes that present violence. The violence is in the form of physical violence, psychological violence, financial violence, functional violence, and rational violence. The Joker film shows that perpetrators of violence still often occur in life, even victims can become perpetrators of what happened to them. Often times people think this is normal because not everyone understands the importance of humanity and justice for others.

How does parental time relate to social class in a Nordic welfare state?

Time intensive parenting has spread in Western countries. This study contributes to the literature on parental time use, aiming to deepen our understanding of the relationship between parental childcare time and social class. Based on time-diary data (2010–2011) from Norway, and a concept of social class that links parents’ amount and composition of economic and cultural capital, we examine the time spent by parents on childcare activities. The analysis shows that class and gender intersect: intensive motherhood, as measured by time spent on active childcare, including developmental childcare activities thought to stimulate children's skills, is practised by all mothers. A small group of mothers in the economic upper-middle class fraction spend even more time on childcare than the other mothers. The time fathers spend on active childcare is less than mothers’, and intra-class divisions are notable. Not only lower-middle class fathers, but also cultural/balanced upper-middle class fathers spend the most time on intensive fathering. Economic upper-middle and working-class fathers spend the least time on childcare. This new insight into class patterns in parents’ childcare time challenges the widespread notion of different cultural childcare logics in the middle class, compared to the working class.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES OF TRADERS AND PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS IN REALIZING INDEPENDENT WELFARE THROUGH THE MOVEMENT OF LOVE TO SAVING SHARE (GERMAS) IN GAMPONG BLANG PULO AS A EXAMPLE OF GAMPONG INVESTMENT

In the industrial era 4.0 technology has emerged and people's thoughts are increasingly democratic. Nowadays, we see a lot of phenomena in coffee shops where young people with their laptops can buy company shares through investment and get dividends. This investment activity will encourage a country's economy, absorb labor, increase output resulting in foreign exchange savings or even increase foreign exchange. Investment aims to get a fixed income in each period, meet future needs and so on. Thus, the increase in the value of this investment is expected to help economic growth for the welfare of the community. (www.idx.co.id) The condition of the community in Blang Pulo Village is in a position that is still in the lower middle-class community where most people earn from farming and trading. Almost the average community does not have savings prepared for the future. Others are in a weak economic position where their income is only enough for their daily meals. With the investment village, it is hoped that the trading community in Gampong Blang Pulo will be willing to follow directions to save shares every month on a regular basis to get the maximum profit possible. (https://kampungkb.bkkbn.go.id) An investment village is an activity to introduce investment to the community and invite people to save shares. As well as providing guidance on how to invest properly and correctly that can generate future returns without any element of usury. With the investment village program, it is expected to be able to develop the potential that has been pioneered by the community to be more developed. The investment village will be held in Gampong Blang Pulo and will be assisted by local village officials in its implementation. The Investment Village Extension activity began with recording and visiting people's homes and then making friendly gatherings to increase friendship. After that, conducting counseling to invite people to save shares regularly every month and provide guidance on the capital market and conduct socialization in Gampong Blang Pulo to make the investment village program a success.

Community Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship Program Based on Information Technology (Technopreneurship) for Residents of RT 03 RW 02 Pondok Jati Jurangmangu Barat Pondok Aren

Residents in the neighborhood of Rukun Tetangga 03 Rukun Warga 02 Pondok Jati Jurangmangu Barat Pondok Aren mostly belong to the lower middle class. Most of the residents in this RT 03 environment run their business businesses such as warungs, drinking water supply services, cellphone counters, workshops, printing houses, internet cafes, house rentals/rents, vehicle rentals, vehicle care services, midwives, and furniture. Although some business actors have used information technology tools to support their business, their use is limited to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Residents do not understand how to sell and market products using information technology tools. E-Commerce technology is a technology used to conduct business transactions that occur on electronic networks. E-Commerce technology can help market products, especially when implementing large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). Based on the above conditions, we conducted training to build a business using Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) technology for residents to foster an entrepreneurial spirit based on information technology. the methodology in this community service activity uses the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach which consists of the identification of problems, planning activities, implementing activities, monitoring activities, and evaluating community service activities. The output of this community service activity is that the residents of Rukun Tetangga 03 Rukun Warga 02 Pondok Jati Jurangmangu Barat Pondok Aren gain knowledge and experience on how to use E-Commerce technology to support their business activities. For this community service activity to run optimally, it is necessary to provide assistance during the adaptation process of E-Commerce technology and conduct training on digital marketing in the future.