Difficult Partnerships: The World Bank, States, and NGOs

AbstractSince the early 1990s, World Bank officials in many countries have pressed their government borrowers to include nongovernmental organizations as development partners. What impact has this new partnership norm had in the bank's borrower countries, and why? This article investigates these questions through longitudinal analysis of three cases: Guatemala, Ecuador, and the Gambia. In their first iteration in the 1990s, these bank-sponsored efforts generally failed to take root; yet by the 2000s, NGOs and state actors were engaged in multiple partnerships. This article suggests that over time, bank officials' repeated efforts to embed these new ideas fostered a social learning process that led NGOs to adopt more strategic partnership practices and government officials to see NGO partners as useful. Several factors may affect this learning process: levels of professionalism and the growth of professional networks, the presence of effective “bridge builders,” and the level of historical conflicts.

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Economic and Higher Education Partnership of Hungary and Kazakhstan

Papers in Arts and Humanities ◽

10.52885/pah.v1i2.73 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kinga Magdolna Mandel ◽

Anargul Belgibayeva

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

World Bank ◽

Strategic Partnership ◽

The Political ◽

The Past ◽

Political Communications ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

University Level ◽

The University

The aim of our research was to describe, compare, and analyze the development of business and educational co-operation between Kazakhstan and Hungary over the past 19 years. The research was prompted by the university-level co-operation between the two countries that star ted in 2018, which was made possible by the strategic partnership that is the topic of the present article. We started from the hypothesis that both business and educational co-operation has developed linearly and significantly during the last 19 years. Our research methodology was based on gathering and analyzing secondary macroeconomic, trade, and educational co-operation data in the period between 2011 and 2020. The data were obtained from publications, national offices (statistical, commerce, and education), and international bodies (like TempusPublic Foundation, Eurostat, International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Bank). In this paper, we intend to link the main political, social, and macroeconomic endowments with business and educational developments of partnership in the two countries, trying to map out prospects for co-operation. One conclusion is that, although in the political communications of the two countries we were able to identify significant governmental efforts on both sides to support and enforce economic and educational co-operation, the data indicate a decrease in the size of business investments. At the same time, however, the educational co-operation between the two parties continues to develop further.

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Pakistan

The Political Economy of Bank Regulation in Developing Countries: Risk and Reputation ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198841999.003.0004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105-125

Author(s):

Natalya Naqvi

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Financial Services ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Basel Ii ◽

International Standards ◽

Basel Iii ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Over Time

Pakistan has the highest level of implementation among our case study countries. The impetus for converging on international standards has come from different actors over time. The adoption of Basel I adoption in the 1980s was driven by the World Bank and IMF. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the adoption of Basel II was driven first by politicians promoting the expansion of financial services, and then by banking sector regulators. Most recently, as banks have internationalized, they have championed the implementation of Basel III. Pakistan is one of the few cases where all three major actors—politicians, regulators, and major banks—are now aligned behind the implementation of the standards, leading to a high and ambitious level of implementation.

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The World Bank and Indigenous Peoples

Social Development in the World Bank ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-57426-0_13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 191-204

Author(s):

Shelton H. Davis

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

World Bank ◽

Well Being ◽

Policy Statement ◽

Development Projects ◽

Tribal People ◽

Indigenous Cultures ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Over Time

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of the World Bank policy on indigenous people. In 1982, the World Bank issued a brief operational policy statement which outlined procedures for protecting the rights of so-called “tribal people” in Bank-financed development projects. Experience has shown, the World Bank directive stated, “that, unless special measures are adopted, tribal people are more likely to be harmed than helped by development projects that are intended for beneficiaries other than themselves. Therefore, whenever tribal peoples may be affected, the design of projects should include measures or components necessary to safeguard their interests, and, whenever feasible, to enhance their well-being.” This protectionist approach emerged from the Bank’s experiences primarily in Latin America where there are well-rooted historical and legal antecedents. Over time, however, the Bank’s approach has evolved to reflect the diversity of indigenous cultures, with more of an emphasis on informed engagement and expanding access to benefits from development rather than on protection alone.

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