ONTOGENY OF SUBTLE SKELETAL ASYMMETRIES IN INDIVIDUAL LARVAE OF THE SAND DOLLAR DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS

Evolution ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Collin
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Dendraster Excentricus

scholarly journals Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 150114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hodin ◽  
Matthew C. Ferner ◽  
Gabriel Ng ◽  
Christopher J. Lowe ◽  
Brian Gaylord
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Settlement And Metamorphosis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Dendraster Excentricus

Complex life cycles have evolved independently numerous times in marine animals as well as in disparate algae. Such life histories typically involve a dispersive immature stage followed by settlement and metamorphosis to an adult stage on the sea floor. One commonality among animals exhibiting transitions of this type is that their larvae pass through a ‘precompetent’ period in which they do not respond to localized settlement cues, before entering a ‘competent’ period, during which cues can induce settlement. Despite the widespread existence of these two phases, relatively little is known about how larvae transition between them. Moreover, recent studies have blurred the distinction between the phases by demonstrating that fluid turbulence can spark precocious activation of competence. Here, we further investigate this phenomenon by exploring how larval interactions with turbulence change across ontogeny, focusing on offspring of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz). Our data indicate that larvae exhibit increased responsiveness to turbulence as they get older. We also demonstrate a likely cost to precocious competence: the resulting juveniles are smaller. Based upon these findings, we outline a new, testable conception of competence that has the potential to reshape our understanding of larval dispersal and connectivity among marine populations.

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