Fatty acid composition of larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus (Echinodermata) might reflect FA composition of the diets

Aquaculture ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 285 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie B. George ◽  
Colleen Fox ◽  
Stuart Wakeham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Dendraster Excentricus

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of the pollen lipids of Cycas revoluta Thunb

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
R. A. Sidorov ◽  
E. I. Kuznetsova ◽  
V. P. Pchelkin ◽  
A. V. Zhukov ◽  
E. N. Gorshkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Seed Lipids ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
First Time

The fatty acid (FA) composition of total extractable and non extractable with chloroform lipids of C. revoluta pollen was determined. Among other minor FAs, unusual Δ5 polymethylene-interrupted FA, Δ5, 11-octadecadienoic acid was found. This FA was found in the seed lipids of C. revoluta earlier, but it was discovered for the first time in pollen lipids.

44 MUSCLE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND LIPOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION IN ADULT BOVINE CLONES AND CONTROL CATTLE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Berthelot ◽  
L. Bernard ◽  
C. Richard ◽  
P. Chavatte-Palmer ◽  
Y. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Genotype 2

Previous evaluation of milk and meat from clone cattle compared with AI control cows indicated that these products were in the normal range of data, but slight differences were observed in their fatty acid (FA) composition and muscle Δ9-desaturase indexes (Heyman et al. 2007 Animal 1, 936-972). It was therefore hypothesized that epigenic modifications induced by the nuclear transfer technology may affect the expression of the 2 genes [stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD)-1, SCD5] responsible for Δ9-desaturation in bovines. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the differences between clones and controls on FA composition and on SCD1 and SCD5 gene expression of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Biopsies of ST were taken from 5 clones from 2 different Holstein genotypes and 5 Holstein AI controls at 26 months of age. Each sample was immediately split into 3 aliquots, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until analysis. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography after lipid extraction and methylation according to Bas et al. (2005 Meat Sci. 71, 317-326). Total RNA was isolated from 300 mg of muscle tissue and abundance of SCD1 and SCD5 genes transcripts was determined by RT-PCRas described by Bernard et al. (2005 J. Dairy Sci. 88, 1478-1489) and Lengi and Corl (2007 Lipids 42, 499-508). Results are expressed as percentage of total FA for the FA composition and mRNA abundance of SCD1 and SCD5 determined as relative to the abundance of cyclophilin A mRNA. Statistical analyses were performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Single degree of freedom orthogonal contrasts were used to compare effects of cloning (AI controls v. clones) as well as effects of clone genotypes (genotype 1 v. genotype 2). The C14:0, C14:1 cis-9, C16:0, C16:1 cis-9, and C18:0 proportions in ST were not different between clones and controls. However, clones tended to have a lower proportion of C18:1 n - 9 (-3.1% of total FA; P < 0.07) and higher proportions of C18:2 n - 6 (+1.2% of total FA; P < 0.01), C18:3 n - 3 (+0.7% of total FA; P < 0.05) and n - 3 polyunsaturated FA (+1.17% of total FA; P < 0.05) than controls. Ratios of C14 and C16 Δ9-desaturation in ST were not different between clones and controls but a lower C18 Δ9-desaturation ratio for the clones compared with controls was observed (0.76 v. 0.79; P < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of SCD1 was lower in clone compared with control cows (3.8 v. 8.5; P < 0.05), which could be explained by the higher proportion of n - 3 polyunsaturated FA observed in clones because of the negative effects of these polyunsaturated FA on SCD gene expression. The only difference observed between genotypes was for the C18:0 proportion in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in our set of animals, cloning decreased the ST muscle gene expression of SCD1 but not of SCD5, which is related to a slight decrease in C18 Δ9-desaturation ratio.

americanum) [29]. Among wheat, tetraploid durum wheat contained higher FL contents than the U.S. hard winter NSTL shows the highest NL:PoL ratio. wheats. Larsen et al. [66] reported New Zealand wheat flour Among all grains, wheat is the richest in GL, followed FL content ranges of 67-85 mg/10 g (db) for the 1984 crop by triticale, rye, and barley. Millet lipids from P. ameri-and 93-108 mg/10 g (db) for the 1985 wheat crop (Table 4). canum seed [29], corn, and sorghum lipids contain the Ten Greek bread wheat flours [67] contained lipid ranges lowest GL content. However, other researchers [32] report-similar to those in U.S. Kansas flours reported by Chung et ed that GL contents ranged from 6 to 14% for millet lipids al. [61]. Australian scientists [68,69] also investigated their that were extracted by hot water—saturated butanol and wheat FL. Compared with the means of U.S. wheat and acid hydrolysis. flour FL [61], Australian wheats contained substantially In general, PL also are more abundant in wheat, triti-less FL and NL but higher PL. Australian flours contained cale, rye lipids and slightly lower in barley, oat groats, similar FL and NL but still higher PoL content (Table 4). sorghum, and rice. Although corn NSTL were found to have higher PL contents than GL contents, they were very low in PL compared to other grains. Millet NSTL from P. C. Fatty Acid Composition of Grain Lipids americanum seed [29] contains the lowest PL content of All cereal grain lipids are rich in unsaturated fatty acids all the grains. (FA) (Table 5). Palmitic acid (16:0) is a major saturated Wheat flour FL, a minor component, have been report-FA, and linoleic acid (18:2) is a major unsaturated FA for ed to have a significant effect on bread-making. When the all cereals except for brown rice. In brown rice, oleic acid defatted flours were reconstituted with the extracted lipids (18:1) is a major unsaturated FA. The presence of palmi-to their original levels, the PoL fraction of FL but not the toleic acid (16:1) and eicosenoic acid (20:1) is reported NL completely restored loaf volume and crumb grain quite often but usually at levels below 1% of total FA com-[59,60]. Among wheat flour lipids, GL are the best bread position. loaf volume improvers [19-21]. Fatty acid compositions are generally similar for barley, In 1982, Chung et al. [61] reported a range of 177-230 rye, triticale, and wheat lipids. Rye lipids are somewhat mg/10 g (db) for wheat FL contents of 21 HRW wheats higher in linolneic acid (18:3) than those of other cereals. (Table 4). Flours showed 83-109 mg FL, 67-84 mg NL, Oat lipid FA composition is similar to that of brown rice, and 11-27 mg PoL with NL:PoL ratios of 2.5-6.9. Ohm because oats and brown rice are rich in oleic acid. Millet and Chung [62] also investigated the FL contents of flours lipids are generally higher in stearic acid (18:0) than all from 12 commercial hard winter wheat cultivars grown at other cereal lipids. six locations and reported the cultivar mean ranges of There are wide ranges in FA compositions of corn oils 90-109 mg/10 g (db) for total flour FL, 72-85 mg for NL, (Table 6). Jellum [82] reported a range of 14-64% oleic 11-16 mg for GL, 1.7-3.1 mg for monogalactosyldiglyc-acid and 19-71% linoleic acid for the world collection of erides (MGDG), 5.3-6.5 mg for digalactosyldiglycerides 788 varieties of corn (Table 6). The wide ranges in FA com-(DGDG), and 5-7 mg for PL (Table 4). The ratios of NL to position were due to more lines having been examined in PoL were in a much narrower range than those of earlier corn than in any of the other cereal grains [1]. Dunlap et al. work by Chung et al. [61]. This was probably due to a [86,87] reported on corn genotypes with unusual fatty acid smaller variation in the released cultivars used by Ohm compositions (Table 6). They found palmitic acid ranges of and Chung [62]. Samples used by Chung et al. [61] includ-6.3-7.6% and 16.7-18.2% for low and high saturated corn ed some experimental lines. genotypes, respectively. They also reported a range of Bekes et al. [63] investigated 22 hard and 4 soft spring 43.9-46.1% of oleic acids for high oleic acid lines. wheat varieties grown at 3 locations in Canada: varietal Fatty acid composition differs depending on the lipid means ranged from 72 to 134 mg per 10 g (db) flour for extractant (Tables 5 and 6). For example, FL were higher FL, 61-115 mg for NL, 4-11 mg for GL, and 4-9 mg for in both oleic and linoleic acids than the BL of corn and PL (Table 4). There were larger variations in FL contents pearl millet, whereas FL were lower in palmitic acid than for Canadian spring wheats than for U.S. hard winter the BL of millet, oats, and corn. The FA composition of wheats except for GL. Chung [64] showed that U.S. winter NSTL from corn is intermediate to those of FL and BL and spring wheats could not be differentiated by lipid con-based on data complied by Morrison [3]. tents and compositions. Wheat lipid FA compositions for different classes or Unlike the Canadian spring wheats [63], the U.K. soft subclasses are shown in Table 7. The average of 6 HWW winter wheats [65] contained more FL (195-244 mg/10 g, wheats and 14 SWS wheat lipids was lower in palmitic and db) with higher NL content than hard winter wheats stearic acids and higher in linoleic and linolenic acids than (186-210 mg/10 g, db). In general, U.K. hard spring wheats the overall average of 290 wheat lipids. The average FA

2000 ◽  
pp. 435-437
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Fa Composition

Grazed chicory, plantain or ryegrass–white clover alters milk yield and fatty acid composition of late-lactating dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Mangwe ◽  
R. H. Bryant ◽  
M. R. Beck ◽  
A. E. Fleming ◽  
P. Gregorini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Solids

The aim of the present research was to compare milk fatty acid composition of cows grazing perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture (RGWC), with that of cows grazing alternative forages of chicory or plantain. Fifty-four cows, balanced for milk solids, days in milk and bodyweight, were divided evenly into replicated groups of six cows/group. Cows grazing chicory or plantain had similar estimated dry-matter intake (17.7 kg DM/cow.day) and milk-solid (MS) yield (1.93 kg MS/cow.day), which were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than for cows grazing RGWC (15.6 kg DM/cow.day and 1.65 kg MS/cow.day). Milk produced from cows grazing chicory or plantain contained greater proportions of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) than that from cows on RGWC (P &lt; 0.01), despite lower omega-3 FA in herbage. RGWC increased the percentage of conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids in milk compared with those of milk produced from herbs (P &lt; 0.01). This reflects the greater percentage of α-linolenic acid in RGWC (P ≤ 0.02) than in forage herbs. The changes in FA profile from the herbage to the milk suggests less biohydrogenation in cows grazing the herbs. Forage herbs demonstrated the potential benefit to alter milk FA composition, while increasing milk production.

Effect of breed and nutritional management on fatty acid composition of lambs of dairy Greek breeds of sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 77-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Arsenos ◽  
D. Zygoyiannis ◽  
D. Kufidis ◽  
N. Katsaounis ◽  
C. Stamataris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Consumer Choices

Carcass fat of meat producing animals has long been identified as one of the most important characteristics of overall meat quality. In this respect, consumer choices of particular food reflect their awareness of the link between health and consumption of fats particularly saturated. Lamb meat is considered to be excessively fat and this results in substantial loss in its marketability. This study was carried out to assess the effect of breed, sex, post-weaning nutrition, live weight at slaughter and their interactions on the fatty acid (FA) composition in carcass fat of lambs of three indigenous dairy Greek breeds of sheep.

scholarly journals Association of osteopontin gene with intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition traits in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Nanthana Pothakam ◽  
◽  
Worrarak Norseeda ◽  
Guisheng Liu ◽  
Tawatchai Teltathum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Imf Content

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein that is involved in the development of skeletal muscle and fat deposition. The objectives of this study were to identify the polymorphism of the OPN gene and to analyze the association of the OPN gene with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in pigs. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle samples taken from the 10-11th rib were collected from a total of 328 Duroc pigs. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from LT muscle tissues using the phenol-chloroform method. IMF content was measured using the ether extraction method and FA composition was measured by gas chromatography. The porcine OPN polymorphisms were identified by DNA sequencing and were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The association analysis of the OPN gene with IMF and FA composition traits was performed using a general linear model (GLM). Two polymorphic sites (OPN g.2442-2471indel and g.3836A>G) were found in the 5´-flanking region and intron 1 of the porcine OPN gene. The OPN g.2442-2471indel polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with IMF content and ω3 FA levels (P<0.05). Moreover, OPN g.3836A>G polymorphism was significantly associated with the linolenic acid levels in the muscles of pigs (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the OPN gene is important to IMF content, as well as linolenic and ω3 FA levels in pigs, and could be used as a candidate gene to improve fat deposition and fatty acid composition in the muscles of pigs.

scholarly journals Dehydroepiandrosterone modifies rat fatty acid composition of serum and different adipose tissue depots and lowers serum insulin levels

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Pérez de Heredia ◽  
Elvira Larqué ◽  
Salvador Zamora ◽  
Marta Garaulet
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Fa Composition

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is reported to exert beneficial effects, such as protection from cardiovascular risk and lowering serum insulin levels. Adipose tissue (AT) is a target for DHEA actions, and the hormone can also affect hepatic fatty acid (FA) metabolism. FAs are involved in the development of insulin resistance; thus, there might be a relationship between DHEA, FA, and insulin. However, few data are available regarding DHEA and FA composition, especially concerning AT. Seventeen-month old female Sprague–Dawley rats (n=11; controls: n=10) were treated with DHEA (0.5% w/w in the diet) for 13 weeks, after which serum, periovarian, mesenteric, s.c., and brown AT were analyzed for FA composition. DHEA treatment resulted in significant changes in FA profiles in serum and adipose depots, like reduced 16:1n-7 (s.c. and brown AT; P<0.01), elevated n-9 monounsaturated FA (serum and s.c. AT; P<0.05), diminished n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA; general; P<0.05) and increased n-3 PUFA (brown AT; P<0.01), along with lower n-6/n-3 ratios (s.c. and brown AT; P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively). DHEA modified estimates of desaturase activities, decreasing stearoyl-CoA-desaturase markers in s.c., and brown AT (P<0.05) and increasing those of delta-6-desaturase in serum and AT (P<0.05). In addition, DHEA-treated rats showed lower serum insulin levels (P<0.05). We have demonstrated for the first time that DHEA induces significant modifications in AT fatty acid composition in vivo, mainly concerning unsaturated FAs, and changes occurred in a tissue-dependent manner. We propose that these changes may be related to the capacity of DHEA to lower serum insulin levels.

scholarly journals INDICES OF FATTY ACIDS SPECTRUM OF LIPIDS IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF STERLET OF DIFFERENT AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Suleimanova ◽  
Dmytro Melnychuk ◽  
Liliia Kalachniuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Lipid Fractions

As the only sturgeon living in freshwater, sterlet is important for breeding in industrial fish farms, where lately cases of early mortality of this species have been detected. Hence, in order to preserve the species, it is important to study the parameters of fatty acid (FA) composition of lipid fractions of the blood serum of sterlet. Here we present changes of fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions of the blood serum of sterlets of different age (namely two-, three- and nine-year-old) with the masses 0.3–0.4, 0.5–0.6 and 5–6 kgfor the age-groups of fish, respectively. Fatty acid (FA) composition was determined using gas-chromatography on HRGC 5300 (Italy) in Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). Fatty acid composition of starlet blood serum is presented by saturated and unsaturated high-molecular weight carboxylic acids, mostly palmic, stearic, oleic and linoleic. In the phospholipids fraction, there was a moderate increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a slight decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids depending on the age of fish. As for free fatty acids, there was a drop in the saturated ones depending on the starlet age. Among the free fatty acids of sterlet blood serum, we identified 28 acids, of them 39 %, 35 % and 30 % were saturated in 2-, 3-year-old and mature fish, respectively. Monounsaturated FA content was 14 %, 23 % and 23 % in 2-, 3-year-old and adult sterlet fish, and polyunsaturated FA content –46 %, 41 % and 36 %, respectively. The data can be used for the theoretical verification of correcting supplementary feed and premixes.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition of New Zealand Forage Finished Beef Compared to US Grain Fed Beef

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Milopoulos ◽  
A. J. Garmyn ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Chain

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate differences in fatty acid (FA) composition of NZ beef finished on fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris L.; FB) or traditional grass diets and US grain-finished beef.Materials and MethodsStrip loins (n = 240) were selected from a commercial abattoir in NZ representing two feeding treatments (FB, non-FB) and expected low and high eating quality (primarily based on marbling) following a nationwide feeding trial to finish beef steers using FB. Selection resulted in four treatments: FB low quality (FBL), FB high quality (FBH), non-FB low quality (NFBL), and non-FB high quality (NFBH). Additionally, sides of beef (n = 120) representing USDA Top Choice (TCH) and Select (SEL) were sourced from a commercial abattoir in the US. Loins were fabricated prior to 21 d postmortem to isolate the longissimus lumborum (LL); these were sliced into 2.5 cm steaks, vacuum packaged, and stored at 2–4°C until 21 d or 35 d postmortem and frozen on the appropriate day. Lipids were extracted from a subset of samples via chloroform: methanol extraction then separated into polar and neutral fractions. Fatty acid methyl esters were evaluated using GC-FID. Data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05 and treatment, aging, and the respective interaction as fixed effects.ResultsAging influenced percent saturated FA (%SFA; P < 0.01), monounsaturated FA (%MUFA; P < 0.01), and polyunsaturated FA (%PUFA; P = 0.01). An increase in %MUFA and %PUFA at 35 d compared with 21 d (P < 0.01) corresponded with a decrease in %SFA at 35 d (P < 0.01). Treatment also influenced %PUFA (P < 0.01). NFBL contained the greatest %PUFA (P < 0.05). TCH and FBH contained less %PUFA than all treatments except SEL (P > 0.05). Treatment and aging also affected palmitic and stearic acids (P < 0.01), which make up the greatest portion of SFA. The proportion of palmitic acid was least in SEL (P < 0.05) and greater in FBH than NFBH and TC (P < 0.05). The US treatments had lower proportions of stearic acid than NZ treatments (P < 0.05). Both palmitic and stearic acids were of greater proportions in 35 d samples than 21 d samples (P < 0.05). Oleic acid contributes largely to total FA and was affected by the interaction of treatment and aging (P = 0.04). At 35 d, NZ treatments had greater proportions of oleic acid than at 21 d (P < 0.05). The proportion of oleic acid was least in SEL at both aging times. Of the PUFA, linoleic was affected by treatment (P < 0.05) and was greatest in SEL and TC (P < 0.05); FB treatments had the lowest proportion of linoleic acid (P < 0.05). Treatment and aging affected α-linolenic acid (P < 0.01). NFBL and NFBH had a greater proportion than both FB and US treatments (P < 0.05); both FB treatments had greater proportions of α-linolenic than US treatments (P < 0.05). Proportion of α-linolenic acid was elevated with 35 d aging (P < 0.05). Treatment affected proportions of long chain PUFA (P < 0.05) with TCH and SEL having lower proportions than NZ treatments (P < 0.05). Low quality NZ treatments had the greatest proportions of long chain PUFA (P < 0.05).ConclusionWhile finishing diet does affect fatty acid composition of beef strip steaks, finishing on FB produces a similar FA composition to non-FB grass. Total lipid content is also responsible for variation in FA composition. As lipids oxidize during aging, a shift toward more unsaturated FA occurs, leading to a decrease in %SFA.

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