Close microtopographical relationships between sympathetic nerve terminals and bulbous process endings of pinealocytes in the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Redecker
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Terminals

Serotonin modulates melatonin synthesis as an autocrine neurotransmitter in the pineal gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (43) ◽  
pp. e2113852118
Author(s):  
Bo Hyun Lee ◽  
Bertil Hille ◽  
Duk-Su Koh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Constitutive Secretion

The pineal gland secretes melatonin principally at night. Regulated by norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve terminals, adrenergic receptors on pinealocytes activate aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase that converts 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) to N-acetylserotonin, the precursor of melatonin. Previous studies from our group and others reveal significant constitutive secretion of 5-HT from pinealocytes. Here, using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the 5-HT is secreted primarily via a decynium-22–sensitive equilibrative plasma membrane monoamine transporter instead of by typical exocytotic quantal secretion. Activation of the endogenous 5-HT receptors on pinealocytes evoked an intracellular Ca2+ rise that was blocked by RS-102221, an antagonist of 5-HT2C receptors. Applied 5-HT did not evoke melatonin secretion by itself, but it did potentiate melatonin secretion evoked by submaximal norepinephrine. In addition, RS-102221 reduced the norepinephrine-induced melatonin secretion in strips of pineal gland, even when no exogenous 5-HT was added, suggesting that the 5-HT that is constitutively released from pinealocytes accumulates enough in the tissue to act as an autocrine feedback signal sensitizing melatonin release.

scholarly journals Neuropeptide Y in the Adult and Fetal Human Pineal Gland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Møller ◽  
Pansiri Phansuwan-Pujito ◽  
Corin Badiu
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Central Innervation ◽  
The Brain

Neuropeptide Y was isolated from the porcine brain in 1982 and shown to be colocalized with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve terminals. The peptide has been demonstrated to be present in sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland in many mammalian species. In this investigation, we show by use of immunohistochemistry that neuropeptide Y is present in nerve fibers of the adult human pineal gland. The fibers are classical neuropeptidergic fibers endowed with largeboutons en passageand primarily located in a perifollicular position with some fibers entering the pineal parenchyma inside the follicle. The distance from the immunoreactive terminals to the pinealocytes indicates a modulatory function of neuropeptide Y for pineal physiology. Some of the immunoreactive fibers might originate from neurons located in the brain and be a part of the central innervation of the pineal gland. In a series of human fetuses, neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibers was present and could be detected as early as in the pineal of four- to five-month-old fetuses. This early innervation of the human pineal is different from most rodents, where the innervation starts postnatally.

scholarly journals Sympathetic nerve terminals in the tunica media of human superficial temporal and middle cerebral arteries: wet histofluorescence.

Stroke ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Akiguchi ◽  
H Fukuyama ◽  
M Kameyama ◽  
T Koyama ◽  
H Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries

Calcified inclusions in the superficial pineal gland of the mongolian gerbil, Meviones unguiculatus

1976 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Japha ◽  
Thomas J. Eder ◽  
Eli D. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil

Chronic exposure to neuropeptide Y determines cardiac alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. H969-H973 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Sun ◽  
P. C. Ursell ◽  
R. B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
Npy Antagonist

The onset of sympathetic innervation induces a developmental change in the cardiac alpha 1-adrenergic chronotropic response from an increase to a decrease in rate. The mechanism by which innervation induces this alteration is unknown. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is found abundantly in cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals, was considered as a possible mediator for this effect. Chronic conditioning by NPY in noninnervated myocyte cultures stimulated the effect of sympathetic innervation in inducing the alpha 1-inhibitory chronotropic response. Chronic conditioning by the NPY antagonist PYX-2 blocked the effect of innervation. Thus endogenous NPY may modulate alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness during the ontogeny of cardiac sympathetic innervation.

Day-Night Differences in the Vesicle Populations of Nerve Terminals in the Rat and Chick Pineal Gland

1990 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LaPorte ◽  
Linda M. Fox ◽  
Karen Mosher ◽  
Sue Binkley ◽  
John A. McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Nerve Terminals
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