scholarly journals Short-wave and long-wave surface radiation budgets in GCMs: a review based on the IPCC-AR4/CMIP3 models

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wild
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Wave Surface ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Ipcc Ar4

Cloud effects on surface radiation balance at Helheim and Jakobshavn Glaciers (Greenland) using ground-based observations 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Djoumna ◽  
Sebastian H. Mernild ◽  
David Holland
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiative Fluxes ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Transmittance Factor ◽  
Cloud Metrics

<p>The surface radiation budget is an essential component of the total energy exchange between the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. Measurements of radiative fluxes near/on ice surfaces are sparse in the polar regions, including on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), and the effects of cloud on radiative fluxes are still poorly studied. In this work, we assess the impacts of cloud on radiative fluxes using two metrics: the longwave-equivalent cloudiness, derived from long-wave radiation measurements, and the cloud transmittance factor, obtained from short-wave radiation. The metrics are applied to radiation data from two automatic weather stations located over the bare ground near the ice front of Helheim (HG) and Jakobshavn Isbræ (JI) on the GrIS. Comparisons of meteorological parameters, surface radiation fluxes, and cloud metrics show significant differences between the two sites. The cloud transmittance factor is higher at HG than at JI, and the incoming short-wave radiation in the summer at HG is 50.0 W m−2 larger than at JI. Cloud metrics derived at the two sites reveal   a high dependency on the wind direction. The total cloud radiative effect (CREnet) generally increases during melt season at the two stations due to long-wave CRE enhancement by cloud fraction.  CREnet decreases from May to June and increases afterward, due to the strengthened short-wave CRE. The annually averaged CREnet were 3.0 ± 7.4 W m-2 and 1.9 ± 15.1 W m−2 at JI and HG.  CREnet estimated from AWS indicates that clouds cool the JI and HG during melt season at different rates.</p>

Spatial and temporal distribution of long-term short-wave surface radiation over Greece

2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (621) ◽  
pp. 2693-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fotiadi ◽  
N. Hatzianastassiou ◽  
P. W. Stackhouse ◽  
C. Matsoukas ◽  
E. Drakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Wave Surface

scholarly journals Meteorological Conditions and Cloud Effects on Surface Radiation Balance Near Helheim Glacier and Jakobshavn Isbræ (Greenland) Using Ground-Based Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Djoumna ◽  
S. H. Mernild ◽  
D. M. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiative Fluxes ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Transmittance Factor ◽  
Cloud Metrics

The surface radiation budget is an essential component of the total energy exchange between the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. Measurements of radiative fluxes near/on ice surfaces are sparse in the polar regions, including on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), and the effects of cloud on radiative fluxes are still poorly studied. In this work, we assess the impacts of cloud on radiative fluxes using two metrics: the longwave-equivalent cloudiness, derived from long-wave radiation measurements, and the cloud transmittance factor, obtained from short-wave radiation data. The metrics are applied to radiation data from two automatic weather stations located over the bare ground near the ice front of Helheim (HG, 66.3290°N, 38.1460°W) and Jakobshavn Isbræ(JI, 69.2220°N, 49.8150°W) on the GrIS. Comparisons of meteorological parameters, surface radiation fluxes, and cloud metrics show significant differences between the two sites. The cloud transmittance factor is higher at HG than at JI, and the incoming short-wave radiation in the summer at HG is about 50.0 W m−2 larger than at JI. Cloud metrics derived at the two sites reveal partly cloudy conditions were frequent (42 and 65% of the period at HG and JI) with a high dependency on the wind direction. The total cloud radiative effect (CREnet) generally increases during melt season at the two stations due to long-wave CRE enhancement by cloud fraction. CREnet decreases from May to June and increases afterward, due to the strengthened short-wave CRE. The annually averaged CREnet were 3.0 ± 7.4 W m−2 and 1.9±15.1 W m−2 at JI and HG. CREnet estimated from AWS indicates that clouds cool the JI and HG during melt season at different rates.

Modeling internal rogue waves in a long wave-short wave resonance framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Chan ◽  
R. H. J. Grimshaw ◽  
K. W. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Rogue Waves ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Wave Resonance

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Façade Greening on Human Bioclimate in a Complex Urban Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Jänicke ◽  
Fred Meier ◽  
Marie-Therese Hoelscher ◽  
Dieter Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Short Wave Radiation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Bioclimate ◽  
Radiant Temperature

The evaluation of the effectiveness of countermeasures for a reduction of urban heat stress, such as façade greening, is challenging due to lacking transferability of results from one location to another. Furthermore, complex variables such as the mean radiant temperature(Tmrt)are necessary to assess outdoor human bioclimate. We observedTmrtin front of a building façade in Berlin, Germany, which is half-greened while the other part is bare.Tmrtwas reduced (mean 2 K) in front of the greened compared to the bare façade. To overcome observational shortcomings, we applied the microscale models ENVI-met, RayMan, and SOLWEIG. We evaluated these models based on observations. Our results show thatTmrt(MD = −1.93 K) and downward short-wave radiation (MD = 14.39 W/m2) were sufficiently simulated in contrast to upward short-wave and long-wave radiation. Finally, we compare the simulated reduction ofTmrtwith the observed one in front of the façade greening, showing that the models were not able to simulate the effects of façade greening with the applied settings. Our results reveal that façade greening contributes only slightly to a reduction of heat stress in front of building façades.

On the modulation of water waves on shear flows

1976 ◽  
Vol 347 (1651) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Method Of Multiple Scales ◽  
Vries Equation ◽  
Harmonic Wave ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Stokes Waves ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wave Limit

The method of multiple scales is used to examine the slow modulation of a harmonic wave moving over the surface of a two dimensional channel. The flow is assumed inviscid and incompressible, but the basic flow takes the form of an arbitrary shear. The appropriate nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived with coefficients that depend, in a complicated way, on the shear. It is shown that this equation agrees with previous work for the case of no shear; it also agrees in the long wave limit with the appropriate short wave limit of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the shear being arbitrary. Finally, it is remarked that the stability of Stokes waves over any shear can be examined by using the results derived here.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cloudiness on The Net Radiation Balance of A Snow Surface with High Albedo

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (67) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ambach
Keyword(s):  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Energy Excess ◽  
Overcast Sky ◽  
Long Wave Radiation

The short-wave and long-wave radiant fluxes measured in the accumulation area of the Greenland ice sheet during a mid-summer period are discussed with respect to their dependence on cloudiness. At a cloudiness of 10/10, a mean value of 270 J/cm2 d is obtained for the daily totals of net radiation balance, whereas a mean value of only 75 J/cm2 d is observed at 0/10. The energy excess of the net radiation balance with overcast sky is due to the significant influence of the incoming long-wave radiation and the high albedo of the surface (average of 84%). High values of net radiation balance are therefore correlated with high values of long-wave radiation balance and low values of short-wave radiation balance.

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