Development of a solar radiation sensor system with pyranometer

<span>Solar energy is a result of the nuclear fusion process in the form of a series of thermonuclear events that occur in the Sun's core. Solar radiation has a significant impact on the lives of all living things on earth. The uses, as mentioned earlier, are when the solar radiation received requires a certain amount and vice versa. As a result, a more accurate instrument of solar radiation is required. A specific instrument is typically used to measure solar radiation parameters. There are four solar radiation parameters: diffusion radiation, global radiation, direct radiation, and solar radiation duration. Thus, it needs to use many devices to measure radiation data. The paper designs to measure all four-radiation data by pyranometer with particular modification and shading device. This design results have a high correlation with a global standard with a value of R=0.73, diffusion with a value of R=0.60 and a sufficiently strong direct correlation with a value of R=0.56. It can be said that the system is much simpler, making it easier to monitor and log the various solar radiation parameters.</span>

Analysis of solar radiation measurements at EI-Kharga (250 N, 300E), Egypt

Daily global solar. radiation data of EI-Kharga for five year (1984-88) have been processed, analysed and classified into eight radiation levels spaced at an interval of 4.19 MJ m-2 day-l. Mean annual monthly and daily total the diurnal variation, and the frequency distribution of daily totals of global solar radiation are computed and discussed. A correlation between the hourly values of the clearness and diffuse indices were obtained and the recommended correlation ,equations were also given. The, results presented in this analysis are encouraging since they Indicate that periods of several days of low radiation of less than 8.38 MJm , day are rare. This In turn means that the weather sequence variations are not expected, to be of great Importance when considering the storage problems Involved In solar process design.

Comparative study of construction of divergence of wind field based on OLR data obtained from – polar orbiting and geostationary satellites

An assessment of Outgoing longwave radiation data obtained from polar orbiting and geostationary satellites is made to see which one, is more convenient and useful for the construction of divergence of the wind field for regional models. The availability of OLR data from TIROS-N (polar orbiting) and GOES-IO (geostationary) satellites during 1979 made it possible to assess and explore a statistical relationship among the OLR data and divergence of the wind field at 850 and 2°9 hPa. constructed from the analysls of the Global Experiment data sets. This study reveals a very strong relationship between these fields in the region of deep convective activity and this relationship has also been found to be stronger for geostationary satellite than polar orbiting satellite. The use or this relationship especially over data-sparse tropical oceanic regions for NWP models is suggested.

Prediction of maximum or minimum air temperature in a coastal location in West Bengal

bl 'kks/k i= dk mÌs'; Hkkjrh; rVh; LFkku vFkkZr~ if'peh caxky ds vyhiqj ¼dksydkrk½ esa izsf{kr HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k dh enn ls gjxzhCl fofdj.k QkWewZyk ls rkjh[kokj la'kksf/kr KRS irk djuk gS ftlls fd vkxs ;fn U;wure rkieku ¼Tmin½ Kkr gks rks vf/kdre rkieku ¼Tmax½ dk iwokZuqeku nsus esa vFkok blds foijhr] mi;ksx fd;k tk ldsA HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds chp lglaca/k dh x.kuk rkjh[kokj fd, x, /kwi ds ?kaVkokj vk¡dM+ksa ds vkSlr ds mi;ksx ftlesa vkaXLVªkse izsLdkWV QkewZyk ls izkIr fu;rkad as = 0-25 vkSj bs = 0-5 gS] ls dh xbZZ gSA blesa izsf{kr fd, x, HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k vkadM+ksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA ;g fuf'pr :i ls dgk tkrk gS fd vkaxLVªkse izsldkWV QkewZyk HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k dk lVhd vkdyu djrk gS vkSj ;g lgh ik;k tkrk gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa gjxzhCl fofdj.k QkewZyk ¼ftles KRS = 0-19 fy;k x;k gS½ ls rkjh[kokj izkIr fd, x, vf/kdre rkiekuksa rFkk U;wure rkiekuksa ds vkSlr ¼vkadM+s Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ds vyhiqj] dksydkrk ftyk & 24 ijxuk ds dk;kZy; ls izkIr½ dk mi;ksx djds HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds chp lglaca/k dh x.kuk dh xbZ gS vkSj bldk v/;;u izsf{kr HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds lkFk Hkh fd;k x;k gSA rkjh[kokj la'kksf/kr KRS dh x.kuk gjxzhCl fofdj.k QkewZyk ls dh xbZA blesa HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k ds izsf{kr vkadM+ksa] rkjh[kokj vf/kdre rkiekuksa vkSj U;wure rkiekuksa ds vkSlr mi;ksx esa fy, x, gSaA bls fdlh LVs'ku ds vf/kdre rkiekuksa vkSj U;wure rkieku vkadMksa ds rkjh[kokj KRS ds mi;ksx ds }kjk vkl ikl ds {ks=ksa ds ok"iksRltZu ds fy, HkweaMyh; lkSj fofdj.k dk vkdyu djus ds fy, Hkh mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA The objective of this study is to find the date wise corrected KRS from the Hargreaves Radiation formula with the help of observed global solar radiation for the Indian coastal location namely Alipore (Kolkata) in West Bengal so that subsequently it can be used for predicting maximum temperature Tmax if minimum temperature Tmin is known or vice-versa. The correlation between the global solar radiation calculated by using date wise average sunshine hour data with constants as = 0.25 and bs = 0.5, from Angstrom Prescott formula with the observed global solar radiation data was studied. The assertion that the Angstrom Prescott formula gives nearly accurate estimation of global solar radiation has been found to be correct. Correlation between the global solar radiation calculated by using date wise average of Tmax and Tmin (sourced from IMD located at Alipore, Kolkata, District - South 24 parganas) from Hargreaves Radiation formula (taking KRS = 0.19 ) with the observed global solar radiation data was also studied. Date wise corrected KRS by Hargreaves Radiation formula was computed using the observed data of global solar radiation, date wise average of maximum temperature Tmax and minimum temperature Tmin. The date wise corrected KRS can be used for better prediction of Tmax and Tmin. Also it can be used for estimation of global solar radiation for reference evapo-transpiration of the neighbourhood areas by utilizing the date wise KRS with the Tmax and Tmin of the station.

Global and diffuse solar radiant exposures at Pone

Radiation measurements are being carried out at Pune since 1957. The radiation data for the period 1986-90 are studied here with reference to general sky condition and rainfall distribution. Global irradiances show a decrease of about 5 per cent over the last four decades, The diffuse irradiation contributes about 23 per cent to the global irradiance during winter months, Its proportion increases to more than 70 per cent during the monsoon period. The specific rainfall distribution affects both global and diffuse irradiances but in opposite directions, The diffuse irradiance shows increases as the atmospheric transmission decreases, However, the changes found have not become statistically highly significant as yet.

Generating Artificial Weather Data Sequences for Solar Distillation Numerical Simulations

According to the natural geographical distribution, developing countries are concentrated in tropical climates, where radiation is abundant. So the use of solar energy is a sustainable solution for developing countries. However, daily or hourly measured solar irradiance data for designing or running simulations for solar systems in these countries is not always available. Therefore, this chapter presents a model to calculate the daily and hourly radiation data from the monthly average daily radiation. First, the chapter describes the application of Aguiar’s model to the calculation of daily radiation from average daily radiation data. Next, the chapter presents an improved Graham model to generate hourly radiation data series from monthly radiation. The above two models were used to generate daily and hourly radiation data series for Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang, two cities representing two different tropical climates. The generated data series are tested by comparing the statistical parameters with the measured data series. Statistical comparison results show that the generated data series have acceptable statistical accuracy. After that, the generated radiation data series continue to be used to run the simulation program to calculate the solar water distillation system and compare the simulation results with the radiation data. Measuring radiation. The comparison results once again confirm the accuracy of the solar irradiance data generation model in this study. Especially, the model to generate the sequences of hourly solar radiation values proposed in this study is much simpler in comparison to the original model of Graham. In addition, a model to generate hourly ambient tempearure date from monthly average daily ambient temperature is also presented and tested. Then, both generated hourly solar radiation and ambient temperature sequences are used to run a solar dsitillation simulation program to give the outputs as monthly average daily distillate productivities. Finally, the outputs of the simulation program running with the generated solar radiation and ambient temperature data are compared with those running with measured data. The errors of predicted monthly average daily distillate productivities between measured and generated weather data for all cases are acceptably low. Therefore, it can be concluded that the model to generate artificial weather data sequences in this study can be used to run any solar distillation simulation programs with acceptable accuracy.