The Cost of Not Being Christian: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims in Britain and Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Model ◽  
Lang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
National Differences ◽  
British Muslims ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cross National

This article compares foreign born Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims to native born white Christians on four economic outcomes in two nations: Britain and Canada. For Canada, our data come from the 1991 Census, for Britain from the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities (1994). Theory and research lead us to predict that, ceteris paribus, non-Christians will fare better in Canada on three of the four outcomes. In the main, however, this expectation does not hold up. Compared to their British counterparts, Canada's Muslims fare less well on labor force participation and Canada's Hindus and Sikhs less well on unemployment. Compared to their Canadian counterparts, British Muslims fare less well on unemployment. On occupation and earnings, we detect no cross-national differences. To explain the paucity of cross-national disparities, we draw on Reitz's argument that Canada's reputation as an attractive immigrant destination has been exaggerated. To explain the few differences we do find, we emphasize cross-national differences in religious discrimination and our inability to control adequately for differences in sending countries.

Union Organization in Advanced Industrial Democracies

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wallerstein
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Leftist Parties ◽  
Cross National

I suggest a new explanation of cross-national differences in unionization rates: the size of the labor force. Size matters because the gains unions are able to achieve in collective bargaining depend on the proportion of substitutable workers who are organized, while the costs of organizing depend in part on the absolute number to be recruited. The comparison of the costs and benefits of organizing new workers yields the conclusion that unions in larger labor markets will accept lower levels of unionization. Statistical analysis of cross-national differences in unionization rates among advanced industrial societies in the late 1970s indicates that the size of the labor force and the cumulative participation of leftist parties in government explain most of the variance.

Issues in the Cross-National Assessment of Health Technology

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Drummond ◽  
Bernard S. Bloom ◽  
Guy Carrin ◽  
Alan L. Hillman ◽  
H. Christina Hutchings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Local Data ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cross National

AbstractWith the growing international literature in economic evaluation and the rapid spread of new health technologies, there is a need to undertake, or at least interpret, economic evaluations on the international level. However, the ways in which cross-national differences affect the cost-effectiveness of health technologies or their evaluations have never been studied. This paper explores these issues by taking advantage of a unique situation in which the same economic evaluation of a new indication for a health technology was conducted simultaneously in four countries using an identical methodology. The study showed that if prior agreement on methods can be reached and local data applied, economic evaluations can be undertaken in a way that facilitates the extrapolation of results from country to country.

The Effect of Childhood ADD/ADHD on Parental Workforce Participation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Emily J. Callander ◽  
Faith Allele ◽  
Hayley Roberts ◽  
William Guinea ◽  
Daniel B. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This research aimed to examine the impact of attention deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD in children on parental labor force participation across different child age groups. Method: This study utilized a longitudinal, quantitative analyses approach. All data were collected from Wave 6 of the Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) survey. Results: After adjusting for various confounders, mothers whose children were 10/11 years old and had been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD were significantly more likely to be out of the labor force compared with those mothers whose child had not been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. The impact was more pronounced for single mothers. No significant influence on paternal labor force participation was found. Conclusion: In assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions for ADD/ADHD, policy makers and researchers must consider the long-term social and economic effects of ADD/ADHD on maternal workforce participation when considering costs and outcomes.

scholarly journals What Moves the Labor Force Participation Rate?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Civilian Labor Force ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Saturating Set ◽  
Institutional Population

The seasonally adjusted civilian labor force participation rate, the sum of employed and unemployed persons as a percentage of the civilian non-institutional population, is analysed in the general to specific modelling framework with a saturating set of step indicators from January 1977 through June 2018. The results indicate that, ceteris paribus, the rise in the ratio of women to men in the labor force in addition to positive demographic movements can largely account for the rise in the labor force participation rate up to January 2000. Subsequently, the aging population helps to explain the decline. Recessions play a transitory role.

Racial Differences in Married Female Labor Force Participation Behavior: An Analysis Using Interracial Marriages

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Macpherson ◽  
James B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The West ◽  
Interracial Marriages ◽  
Married Female

Based on data from the 1980 census, three major findings emerge from this study. First, the labor force participation rate is higher for women in black-white interracial marriages than women in endogamous marriages. Second, the labor force participation rate of wives in interracial marriages, after adjusting for differences in observed personal characteristics, is approximately halfway between that of women in white homogeneous and black homogeneous marriages. Third, interracial marriages are more likely among women who are younger, Hispanic, foreign-born, more educated, previously married, and reside in the West.

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