Social Security On Labor Markets to Address the Aging Population in Selected ASEAN Countries

The world is becoming older, and aging in the developing countries of the ASEAN region is unfolding faster than most developed countries in the United States and Europe. This paper examined the effectiveness of old age income security programs mandated in selected ASEAN countries. These programs sought to address the aging problem to encourage the government to promote the aging labor force's efficiency and increase labor force productivity. Furthermore, the study examined the effect of old-age dependency, increase in the life expectancy, and GDP per capita on labor force productivity using a panel data set from selected ASEAN countries from various income brackets, specifically Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, which are also classified as yellow group nations that are in the process of the demographic dividend implementation. Using the Multiple Regression Model, the researchers found out that the Old-Age Dependency Ratio positively impacts Labor Force Participation Rate. However, GDP per Capita, Life Expectancy, and the Non-contributory fund decrease the Labor Force Participation Rate.

The Impact of ICT on Service Sector’s Productivity and Employment in the Philippines

Various studies have been conducted among different countries to determine the relationship of ICT on productivity and employment, but the results vary among industries and firms. This research aims to examine the impact of ICT on the service sector productivity and employment in the Philippines through quantitative research methods. Findings on the relationship between ICT and Productivity show that all the independent variables have a linear relationship on the dependent variable while the findings on the relationship of ICT and Employment, only Labor Force Participation Rate shows a nonlinear relationship to the dependent variable. The researchers ought to impart knowledge about the opportunities and threats brought by ICT, which may guide the policymakers who formulate policies regarding the advancements brought by ICT.

PEMODELAN REGRESI SPASIAL DEPENDENSI PADA TINGKAT PARTISIASI ANGKATAN KERJA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2020

This study discusses the regression modeling with spatial dependence to determine the factors affecting the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020. The spatial regression models used in this study are spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) and Spatial Error Model (SEM), The finding concludes that the SAR model is better used in spatial modeling. At the same time, provincial minimum wage, the average length of school or educational level, and population are factors that affect the labor force participation rate in Indonesia 2020.

THE IMPACT OF POPULATION FACTORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS - INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of population factors on economic growth in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The analysis method used is panel data regression. The type of data is quantitative data in the form of ADHK GRDP data by Regency/City, population growth rate, labor force participation rate, average length of schooling and life expectancy from 2010-2019. The data source is secondary obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results showed that the population growth rate had a negative and significant effect on economic growth while the labor force participation rate had a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth, the average length of schooling had a positive and significant effect on economic growth and life expectancy had a positive and significant effect on growth. the economy of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Simultaneously the population growth rate, labor force participation rate, average length of schooling and life expectancy have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands.Keywords: Economic Growth, Population Growth Rate, Labor Force Participation Rate, Average Length of Schooling, and Life Expectancy.JEL : O40, J11, J21, P36

The Factor Determinants of Regional Origional Revenue in West Sumatra Province

This study aims to determine the effect of Labor Force Participation Rate, Number of Motorized Vehicles, Number of Small and Medium Enterprises, number of tourist Visits, average per capita expenditure, Room Occupancy Rate, and Regional Original Revenue in 19 Cities and Regencies in West Sumatra in 2005-2018. The model used is the OLS method using panel data and using the statistical program e-views 10 for Windows. The results of the study showed either partially or simultaneously that: Labor Force Participation Rate, Number of Motorized Vehicles, Number of Small and Medium Enterprises, Number of Tourist Visits, Average per capita expenditure and Room Occupancy Rate to Regional Original Income are positive and significant. The largest contribution to Regional Original Revenue is Motorized Vehicles, while the lowest is the Hotel Room Occupancy Rate. The coefficient of determination or goodness of fit is 0.742869. The contribution of all independent variables in explaining the dependent variable is 74.29 percent. Other variables outside the research model explain the remaining 25.71 percent.

Caregiving for children and parental labor force participation during the pandemic

The labor force participation rate (LFPR)—the fraction of the population ages 16 and older that is either working or actively looking for work—moved up steadily over the last few years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and stood at 63.3 percent in February 2020. Two months later, the LFPR had plunged to 60.2 percent, and despite some improvement since then, the LFPR has remained depressed relative to its pre-COVID level (fluctuating between 61.4 percent and 61.7 percent since Fall 2020).

Identifikasi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Berdasarkan Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Pekalongan Menggunakan Spatial Model

Unemployment is an economic problem that the central and regional governments must resolve comprehensively and integrated. The open unemployment rate in Pekalongan Regency in the last three years has increased. It is influenced by several factors, one of which is the population growth rate. Likewise, the labor force participation rate has increased. It shows that the increasing availability of the workforce is not accompanied by additional employment and is not proportional to population growth. This study aims to determine the level of open unemployment and labor force participation in the sub-district, whether there is a relationship and mutual influence between sub-districts in Pekalongan Regency. The method used to see the correlation between sub-districts is the spatial analysis method. The method used to analyze the correlation between regions is the Moran's Index and the Moran Scatterplot, while to prove the dependence or spatial effect between regions partially used the LISA test. The test results show the Moran Index for the open unemployment rate of 0,915 and the labor force participation rate of 0,737 with a significance level of 5%. This measurement value shows that the Moran index value is close to 1, which means autocorrelation between neighboring sub-districts on the open unemployment rate and the labor force participation rate. While the LISA test results show that there are seven spatially related H-H districts, meaning that there is a strong correlation between the observed sub-districts and the surrounding districts. The strong correlation between observation sub-districts and their surroundings can be used as a reference for making policies in overcoming open unemployment between sub-districts. The policy for handling open unemployment has become more comprehensive and integrated among sub-districts by seeing that each sub-district has a spatial correlation and affects open unemployment in the district.

Strategy for Abolishing Barriers to Women Participation in Labor Force

<p>The female labor force participation rate has not moved from 50-55% in the last ten years, and this condition has been exacerbated by the covid-19 pandemic. This study looks at the various challenges for women in entering the world of work, maintaining jobs and building careers, and what strategies stakeholders can take to remove various barriers to women's labor force participation. The strategic recommendations include affirmative actions and policies that could be taken by policy makers and companies to remove barriers to women's participation in the workforce. The study is based on literature reviews of various studies and surveys conducted by the ILO in 2010-2020, especially regarding women in the world of work.</p>

The Long-Lived Cyclicality of the Labor Force Participation Rate

How cyclical is the U.S. labor force participation rate (LFPR)? We examine its response to exogenous state-level business cycle shocks, finding that the LFPR is highly cyclical, but with a significantly longer-lived response than the unemployment rate. The LFPR declines after a negative shock for about four years—well beyond when the unemployment rate has begun to recover—and takes about eight years to fully recover after the shock. The decline and recovery of the LFPR is largely driven by individuals with home and family responsibilities, as well as by younger individuals spending time in school. Our main specifications measure cyclicality from the response of the age-adjusted LFPR, and we show that it is problematic to use the unadjusted LFPR when estimating cyclicality because local shocks spur changes in the population of high-LFPR age groups through migration. LFPR cyclicality varies across groups, with larger and longer-lived responses.