Genetic and Environmental Influences on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mexican Americans

Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an urgent public health problem and disproportionately affects Mexican Americans. The gut microbiome contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes; however, no studies have examined this association in Mexican-Americans. The objective of this study was to compare gut microbiome composition between Mexican-Americans with and without T2DM. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of volunteers from San Antonio, TX. Subjects were 18 years or older and self-identified as Mexican American. Subjects were grouped by prior T2DM diagnosis. Eligible subjects attended a clinic visit to provide demographic and medical information. Thereafter, subjects recorded their dietary intake for three days and collected a stool sample on the fourth day. Stool 16s rRNA sequences were classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) via the mothur bayesian classifier and referenced to the Greengenes database. Shannon diversity and bacterial taxa relative abundance were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Beta diversity was estimated using Bray-Curtis indices and compared between groups using PERMANOVA. Results Thirty-seven subjects were included, 14 (38%) with diabetes and 23 (62%) without diabetes. Groups were well-matched by body mass index and comorbid conditions. Shannon diversity was not significantly different between those with and without T2DM (3.26 vs. 3.31; p = 0.341). Beta diversity was not significantly associated with T2DM diagnosis (p = 0.201). The relative abundance of the most common bacterial phyla and families did not significantly differ between groups; however, 16 OTUs were significantly different between groups. Conclusions Although alpha diversity was not significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic Mexican Americans, the abundance of certain bacterial taxa were significantly different between groups.

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Evaluation of gremlin 1 (GREM1) as a candidate susceptibility gene for albuminuria-related traits in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.039 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1496-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Farook Thameem ◽

Sobha Puppala ◽

Xin He ◽

Nedal H. Arar ◽

Michael P. Stern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Susceptibility Gene ◽

Gremlin 1

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Molecular scanning for mutations in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene in Mexican Americans with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews ◽

10.1002/1520-7560(2000)9999:9999<::aid-dmrr129>3.0.co;2-b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 370-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Francesco S. Celi ◽

Carlo Negri ◽

Keith Tanner ◽

Nina Raben ◽

Flora De Pablo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽

Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

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Homozygous combination of calpain 10 gene haplotypes is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Polish population

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460695 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 695-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

MT Malecki ◽

DK Moczulski ◽

T Klupa ◽

K Wanic ◽

K Cyganek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Polish Population ◽

Haplotype Combination ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Calpain 10

OBJECTIVE: The polymorphisms of two genes have recently been associated with complex forms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): calpain 10 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). Calpain 10 is a member of a large family of intracellular proteases. It was shown in Mexican-Americans and other populations that variants of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -43, -19, and -63, of this ubiquitously expressed protein influence susceptibility to T2DM. However, substantial differences were shown between ethnic groups in at risk alleles and haplotypes as well as in their attributable risk. Thus, it is important to determine the role of calpain 10 in various populations. AIM: To examine the role of calpain 10 SNPs -43, -19, and -63 in genetic susceptibility to T2DM in a Polish population. METHODS: Overall, 377 individuals were examined: 229 T2DM patients and 148 control individuals. The groups were genotyped for calpain 10 SNP-43, SNP-19, and SNP-63. SNP-19 was examined by electrophoresis of the PCR product on agarose gel by size, while the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used for the two other markers. Differences in allele, genotype, haplotype, and haplotype combination distribution between the groups were examined by chi(2) test. RESULTS: Distributions of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes at three loci defined by examined SNPs were not significantly different between the groups. However, the homozygote combination of 121 haplotype was more prevalent in the T2DM group than in the controls (17.9% vs 10.1%, P=0.039). No difference was observed in the 112/121 haplotype distribution. This heterozygous haplotype combination was associated with increased risk of T2DM in several populations. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest the association of calpain 10 121/121 haplotype combination created by SNPs -43, -19, and -63 with T2DM in a Polish population. However, we were not able to confirm the previously described role of the heterozygous 112/121 haplotype combination in susceptibility to T2DM.

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