The effects of dietary arachidonic acid on bone in flatfish larvae: the last but not the least of the essential fatty acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boglino ◽  
M. J. Darias ◽  
K. B. Andree ◽  
A. Estévez ◽  
E. Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Arachidonic Acid

scholarly journals Essential Fatty Acids in the Fetal and Newborn Lamb

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rajion ◽  
JG McLean ◽  
R NP Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Long Chain

The concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids and their metabolites in the liver, kidney, brain, erythrocytes and plasma of fetal lambs at various stages of gestation, and of newborn and 2-week-01d suckled lambs was determined. Throughout gestation the fetal tissues, erythrocytes and plasma all contained low levels of linoleic and linolenic acids together with consistently high levels of their long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites. The triene : tetraene (eicosa-5,8, 11-trienoic acid/arachidonic acid) ratio was always 0 . 4 or less except at birth when it reached 0 . 6 in liver and 0 . 9 in plasma. Milk intake significantly increased the linoleic and linolenic acid levels in the lamb by 2 weeks after birth. These results show that the developing fetal lamb should not be regarded as being deficient in essential fatty acids, as suggested by previous investigators. It is proposed that the total metabolites of linoleic and linolenic acids are the most appropriate measure of the essential fatty acid status of the fetal lamb.

scholarly journals Role and significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrition in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Ristic ◽  
Gordana Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Starting Point

Introduction Hyperlipoproteinemia is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis, whereas regression of atherosclerosis mostly depends on decreasing the plasma level of total and LDL-cholesterol. Many studies have reported the hypocholesterolemic effect of linolenic acid. Types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Linoleic and ?-linolenic acids are essential fatty acids. The main sources of linoleic acid are vegetable seeds and of ?-linolenic acid - green parts of plants. ?-linolenic acid is converted to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Linoleic acid is converted into arachidonic acid competing with eicosapentaenoic acid in the starting point for synthesis of eicosanoids, which are strong regulators of cell functions and as such, very important in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. Eicosanoids derived from eicosapentaenoic acid have different biological properties in regard to those derived from arachidonic acid, i.e. their global effects result in decreased vasoconstriction platelet aggregation and leukocyte toxicity. Role and significant of PUFA The n-6 to n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food is very important, and an optimal ratio 4 to 1 in diet is a major issue. Traditional western diets present absolute or relative deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a ratio 15-20 to 1. In our diet fish and fish oil are sources of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Refined and processed vegetable oils change the nature of polyunsaturated fatty acids and obtained derivates have atherogenic properties.

scholarly journals Impact of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Tissue Fatty Acid Incorporation in the Young Pig (P09-009-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylee Hahn ◽  
Irina Dahms ◽  
Christopher Butt ◽  
Norman Salem ◽  
Ryan Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are conditionally essential fatty acids (FA) commonly supplemented in human infant formulas due to insufficient endogenous synthesis. Supplementation of these FA has been shown to yield FA profiles closer to those of a breastfed infant. The need for DHA supplementation in infant formula has been well-establish due to its positive influence on retinal and cognitive health. However, ARA supplementation recommendations have come under some scrutiny. This study aimed to use the neonatal piglet model to examine the impact of single and dual supplementation of ARA and DHA on tissue FA incorporation. Methods Forty-eight male pigs were provided one of four dietary treatments ad libitum (n = 12 per treatment) from postnatal day 2 to 30. Dietary treatments included the following target ARA and DHA levels expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids: Diet 1 – Control (devoid of ARA and DHA), Diet 2 – 0.8% ARA, Diet 3 – 0.8% DHA, Diet 4 – 0.8% ARA + 0.8% DHA. Growth and food intake were measured daily. Plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were collected at study conclusion for FA analysis. Results There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between diet groups in food intake and overall growth. Pigs on diet 1 had lower (P < 0.001) ARA than those on diet 2 in the PFC, plasma, and RBC. Pigs on diet 3 had lower incorporation of ARA than those on diet 1 in the PFC (P < 0.001) and RBC (P = 0.03). Pigs on diet 4 had lower incorporation of ARA than those on diet 2 in the PFC (P < 0.001), plasma (P < 0.01), and RBC (P = 0.01). Pigs on diet 1 had lower (P < 0.001) DHA levels than those on diet 3 in the PFC, plasma, and RBC. There were no significant differences in DHA levels (P > 0.05) between diet 1 and diet 2 in PFC, plasma, or RBC. Pigs on diet 4 had lower incorporation (P < 0.01) of DHA than those on diet 3 in the PFC and plasma. Conclusions These results show that PFC, RBC, and plasma ARA and DHA levels are sensitive to dietary intake when compared to diets devoid of these fatty acids. Results also indicate that endogenous ARA levels in the PFC and RBC are reduced when only DHA supplementation is provided in the absence of dietary ARA, hence the supplementation of ARA when DHA is provided may be warranted for maintenance of ARA concentrations in these tissues. Funding Sources DSM Nutritional Products.

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