scholarly journals Impacts of different treatment methods for cattle manure on the spread of faecal indicator organisms from soil to lettuce in Nigeria

Author(s):  
Vince A. Chukwu ◽  
Jo U. Smith ◽  
Norval J. C. Strachan ◽  
Lisa M. Avery ◽  
Smart O. Obiekezie
2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lebuhn ◽  
M. Effenberger ◽  
A. Gronauer ◽  
P.A. Wilderer ◽  
S. Wuertz

We developed a suitable system of DNA extraction and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the specific and sensitive quantification of pathogens and other relevant (indicator) organisms in recalcitrant material such as cattle manure. PCR inhibition by coextraction of humic compounds was minimized in this system, resulting in detection sensitivity of one target DNA copy per reaction well. Data from qPCR analysis for Escherichia coli agreed with cultivation based results, but orders of magnitude more fecal enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacter jejuni, were determined by qPCR than by cultivation. These bacteria may have been in a potentially hazardous active but non-cultivable state. The qPCR system is much less time consuming than conventional cultivation, highly specific, can detect non-cultivable organisms, provides high measurement throughput, and is cost attractive. It should be considered as an alternative in various application areas for (prescribed routine) cultivation based assays, e.g. for biosafety and hygiene monitoring.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Chukwu ◽  
Jo Smith ◽  
Norval Strachan ◽  
Lisa Avery ◽  
Smart Obiekezie

<p>Organic wastes, such as cattle manure, are widely used as organic amendments but may constitute a potential risk to human and animal health if they are not properly treated before application to agricultural soil. This study investigated the impact of different common household treatment methods on the reduction of pathogens in organic wastes and the spread of pathogens to food crops. Fresh cattle manure was subjected to three different treatments available to households; anaerobic digestion, burning and composting. Sub-samples were screened for E. coli contents using standard plating and IDEXX Colilert Quanti-Tray 2000 system. The numbers of organisms were used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment methods in the reduction of pathogens in the organic wastes. The E. coli count of the cattle manure was 391.42 CFU/g before treatment. After treatment, there was significant reduction in the E. coli in all treatments. Burning was most effective at reducing pathogens in the cattle manure (95%) followed by anaerobic digestion (50%) and composting (40%). Ash, bioslurry, compost and untreated manure were all significantly different in the ratio of pathogens to nitrogen. Bioslurry contained more nitrogen than ash, compost and untreated manure. Application of the recommended nitrogen dose of 120 kg/ha as bioslurry resulted in significantly lower contamination of soil (4.19 most probable number (MPN) per g) than ash (9.73 MPN/g), compost (6.89 MPN/g) or untreated manure (13.77 MPN/g). The E. coli content of lettuce grown on soil amended with ash, bioslurry or compost at recommended rates was significantly lower than lettuce crop grown on soil amended with untreated cattle manure. The results from this study provide information on the transmission of the pathogens remaining in the treated and untreated wastes when applied as organic fertilizer to food crops. This information will help to reduce the potential risks associated with the use of organic manures in growing food crops, as well as determining the optimum rate of application of organic waste after treatment.</p>


Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Langmeier ◽  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Paul Mäder ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Belash ◽  
L. R. Urazgalieva ◽  
R. I. Fayzullina ◽  
L. G. Agasarov

Introduction. Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine are the most common chronic human diseases. Pronounced clinical manifestations of vertebrogenic diseases are observed during active labor activity and represent one of the most frequent causes of temporary disability. It is also known that any pain syndromes are accompanied by the development of psychovegetative disorders, which reduces the effectiveness of treatment. In recent years, there has been a reasonable increase in the interest of the medical community to the non-drug treatment methods. It is caused by the polypharmacotherapy side effects, an increased numbers of allergic reactions, problems with polypragmasia, and a low level of compliance. At the same time, the question of the possibility of various non-drug treatment methods combining is quite acute.The goal of research is to substantiate the clinical effectiveness of the combined application of osteopathic correction and reflexotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with dorsopathy at the cervical-thoracic level.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled randomized study was conducted on the basis of the medical clinics of LLC «Family Health» (Kazan) and ANO «Center for SEB assistance» (Kazan) from April 2018 to May 2019. The study involved 52 people with dorsopathy at the cervical-thoracic level, aged from 25 to 45 years. In accordance with the exclusion criteria, 7 people dropped out of the study. The remaining patients (45 people), depending on the used treatment method, were divided by a simple randomization method using a random number generator into three groups of 15 people. The first group (main group) received osteopathic correction and reflexotherapyon the background of standard drug therapy; the second and the third groups (control groups) received only osteopathic correction orreflexotherapy, respectively, on the background of standard drug therapy. The osteopathic examination was performed for all patients regardless of the group, before and after the course of therapy, with the formation of an osteopathic conclusion.Also there was the estimation of the degree of pain syndrome severity,the asthenia, and the degree of accumulated emotional and energy charge that does not get out in a person.Results. It was found in the course of the study that the inclusion of osteopathic correction and reflexotherapy in the complex therapy of patients with dorsopathy at the cervical-thoracic level is clinically more effective than the isolated use of these methods. Such complex therapy allows to achieve a more significant reduction in the severity of the pain syndrome by VAS (p<0,05), relief of internal emotional tension (p<0,05), and increase the effectiveness of correction of dominant somatic dysfunction. Based on the obtained data, it could be assumed that reflexotherapy potentiates the effects of osteopathic correction.Conclusion. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the combination of osteopathic correction and reflexotherapy in the treatment of patients with dorsopathy at the cervical-thoracic level increases the clinical effectiveness of the standard drug therapy. At the same time, it is worth noting the potentiating effect of the combined use of two non-medicinal methods. The question of combining of various non-drug treatment methods is quite acute today, so this study will be continued. 


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