The Therapeutic potential of interferon-gamma in tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is one of the critical health problems worldwide. The search for ways to improve the results of tuberculosis treatment and overcome drug resistance lies in understanding the pathogenesis of the development of the infectious process. The interferon system, particularly the role of interferon-gamma, has been identified as the main link in the immune response in tuberculosis. The clinical efficacy of interferon-gamma has been studied and evaluated in clinical trials since the end of the last century. There was obtained evidence of the clinical efficacy of interferon-gamma as part of complex therapy. Recent experimental data make it possible to consider interferon-gamma as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as part of complex therapy worthy of further studies.

PROSPECTS FOR THE CREATION OF MEDICINES BASED ON A NATURAL ADAPTOGEN IN THE COMPLEX THERAPY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS

В статье описано современное состояние распространения, переработки и использования солодки в Казахстане. Представлены литературные данные использования компонентов корня солодки в создании лекарственных средств для профилактики и лечения иммунодефицитного состояния при вирусных инфекциях. Обобщены литературные данные о комбинированных препаратах, содержащих экстракт корня солодки, глицирризиновую кислоту. The article describes the current state of distribution, processing and use of licorice in Kazakhstan. The literature data on the use of licorice root components in the creation of medicines for the prevention and treatment of immunodeficiency in viral infections are presented. The literature data on combined preparations containing licorice root extract and glycyrrhizic acid are summarized.

Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of original and generic meloxicam in the treatment of acute neck pain

Introduction. In the structure of the global burden of diseases, back pain ranks first in the world in the list of causes of disability. Neck pain is one of the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system. An integral part of the strategy for the treatment of acute neck pain is the use of original nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with high proven effectiveness.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of the original drug meloxicam (Movalis) and its generic (Amelotex) in the treatment of patients with acute nonspecific musculoskeletal pain of cervical localization.Materials and methods. The article provides an assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness of the original drug meloxicam (Movalis) and its generic (Amelotex) in the treatment of patients with acute neck pain. Comparative analysis of the results of treatment of 108 patients hospitalized in the Branch of the MC JSC “Admiralteyskie Verfi” aged 18 to 60 years (58 men and 50 women) with a diagnosis of acute dorsalgia of cervical localization (M54.2 according to ICD-10). The average age of patients is 42.5 ± 11.1 years.Results. As a result of the clinical and neurological study and statistical processing of the data obtained, it was found that the use of Movalis in the treatment of patients with acute neck pain was more effective compared to the use of generic (Amelotex). In the Movalis group, the level of pain intensity and the index of disability after treatment was significantly lower than in the Amelotex group at an equivalent dose of 15 mg per day (p < 0.01). The analgesic effect in the group of patients receiving Movalis was longer. There was a significant decrease in sleep disorders associated with pain syndrome in the group (Movalis) compared with patients of the second group (Amelotex). Conclusions. The absence of therapeutic bioequivalence between Movalis and Amelotex revealed in our study determines the relevance of the choice of drugs for the complex therapy of patients of this profile. A multimodal approach to the strategy of treating neck pain, individually patient-oriented, including the use of effective and safe medicines, physical exercises, manual therapy, is optimal.>< 0.01). The analgesic effect in the group of patients receiving Movalis was longer. There was a significant decrease in sleep disorders associated with pain syndrome in the group (Movalis) compared with patients of the second group (Amelotex).Conclusions. The absence of therapeutic bioequivalence between Movalis and Amelotex revealed in our study determines the relevance of the choice of drugs for the complex therapy of patients of this profile. A multimodal approach to the strategy of treating neck pain, individually patient-oriented, including the use of effective and safe medicines, physical exercises, manual therapy, is optimal.

Bacterial meningitis in the practice of a primary care physician. Clinical and immunological efficacy of recombinant interleukin-2 in the complex therapy of bacterial meningitis

The article analyzes the pathogenetic features of bacterial meningitis and substantiates the scheme of complex therapy of the disease using the recombinant cytokine interleukin-2 (IL2). The clinical, immunological and microbiological efficacy of the complex therapy scheme has been revealed. It has been shown that the pleiotropic effects of recombinant IL-2, its effect on the activity of metabolic processes at the cellular and subcellular levels, the ability to stabilize the system of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, the ability to influence the processes of clonal proliferation and differentiation of T- and B-lymphocytes, make its use justified in complex therapy of meningitis.

On the clinical significance of biovars ureaplasma urealyticum

Developing of chronic salpingoophoritis, non-specific bacterial vaginitis and specific candidamytotic vaginitis ought to be associated with complicated obstetric anamnesis and presence of biovar Parvo ureaplasmas predominantly found in womens genital tracts. The correlation may be seen between identifying biovar Parvo ureaplasmas in men and arising of torpid and chronic infectious urethritis, that may testify to its more intensive pathogenic effect comparing with biovar T- 9GO. Detection of biovar T-960 in urogenital system in men and women doesnt exclude the possibility of inflammation, that implies adequate complex therapy identical to that in case of biovar Parvo.

EFFECT OF QUERСETIN AND CHLORHEXIDINE-DENT ON CHANGES IN PERIODONTIC TISSUES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN ENVIRONMENTALLY POLLUTED REGIONS OF PRECARPATHIAN REGIONS

The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Precarpathian, by adding to the complex therapy of quercetin and chlorhexidine dent. The results of research by a number of scientists indicate that the use of quercetin in complex therapy helps to restore the antioxidant system, improve oxygen uptake by tissues and peripheral circulation, improve the rheological properties of the patient's blood. These properties of the drug were used by us in the research. We studied changes in periodontal tissues in children living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Precarpathian, conducted a comparative characterization of changes in periodontium and proposed a treatment plan for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, supplemented with chlorhexidine dent and quercetin. We examined 60 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in the contaminated areas of Precarpathian (Burshtyn) and 15 people with intact periodontium living in environmentally stable conditions. All patients underwent a full range of treatment measures, taking into account the removal of dental plaque and rehabilitation of the oral cavity. In 1 group of patients (30 people) patients were treated with chlorhexidine, calendula and chamomile infusion and 1% mefenamine paste. Patients of group 2 (30 people) - the drug quercetin on the mucous membrane of the gums under the individual gingival cap and chlorhexidine dent in the form of oral baths. In order to compare the two groups, an index assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues and a study of rheographic parameters of periodontal tissues were performed. The results of the research did not show a significant difference between clinical and laboratory parameters in patients 1 and 2 groups before treatment (p> 0.05), but they differed significantly from those in the comparison group (p <0.05), which indicates the fact that unfavorable environmental living conditions have an impact on the course of periodontal disease in children. We obtained a significant difference in the blood supply to periodontal tissues in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis compared with (p <0.05). The results of the research showed that the use of quercetin and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution in the complex treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis provided a significant improvement in clinical parameters and laboratory characteristics of periodontal tissues in children living in different environmental conditions, and provided stabilization of these indicators in long-term observation. The use of the proposed scheme of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis stimulates metabolic processes in periodontal tissues, reduces cyanosis, edema of periodontal tissues according to the results of rheography of periodontal tissues. After treatment, we observe the normalization of the rheological characteristics of the gums, which indicates an improvement in blood circulation in the periodontal tissues in these patients (normalization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of rheograms).

Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy in treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury: a pilot study

Spinal cord traumatic injury as resulting persistent movement and sensory disorders is one of the most disabling consequences of traumatic factor impact on the human body. Despite a large number of experimental and clinical studies aimed at developing methods for restoring lost functions, there is no acceptable solution to the problem. One of the promising areas in the treatment and rehabilitation of this category of patients is the use of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). Experimental models have shown that HBO has a neuroprotective effect in spinal cord injury, but the results of clinical application of the method are still controversial. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of HBO in the complex therapy of victims with traumatic spinal cord injury and the feasibility of further study of this area. Materials and Methods: Study design is a pilot observational retrospective “case – control”. The database of patients with spinal cord injury who were hospitalized at Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute in the period from 2010 to 2020 were used for the analysis. When selecting a control for each clinical case, the following factors were considered: gender, age, circumstances of injury, type of damage to the osteoligamentous apparatus, level of neurological deficit, degree of damage and compression of the spinal cord, time elapsed from the moment of injury to surgery. 28 "case ‒ control" pairs were analyzed. The main criterion for therapy effectiveness was the change in the functional class according to the ASIA scale. Results. Positive dynamics was registered in 57% of victims, including in the group of patients receiving HBO therapy - in 71%, in the control group - in 43%. HBO therapy in the postoperative period significantly affects the dynamics of regression of neurological disorders (p=0.0295). The odds ratio is 3.333 (95% confidence interval - 1.098‒10.116, p=0.0335). The calculation of the odds ratio, adjusted for additional analyzed factors, showed a more pronounced efficiency - 4.519 (95% confidence interval - 1.279‒15.962, p=0.0192). Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that usage of HBO as a method of complex therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury is promising for further study in order to determine the effectiveness of the method, the optimal timing of treatment initiation in the postoperative period and its duration.

The effect of preparatory therapy with myo-inositol on the outcome of infertility treatment by ART in men with low reproductive function

Research objective: to study the effect of myo-inositol (MI), folic acid (FA) and cyanocobalamin in mono- and complex therapy on the classical fertility rates and the level of DNA fragmentation in sperm in men with low reproductive function, and on the results of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs performed in these patients.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 133 patients aged 32 to 40 years was carried out for the period 2020–2021. All patients were divided into three groups: group 1 – 44 men who took MI, FA and cyanocobalamin daily as monotherapy for 3 months; group 2 – 42 patients who followed a diet to improve spermatogenesis for 3 months; group 3 – 47 men, for whom complex therapy was applied for 3 months: MI, FA, cyanocobalamin and diet.Results. The increase of sperm concentration in ejaculate, improvement of progressively motility of spermatozoa, and increase of the percent of spermatozoa with normal morphology in men with failures of reproductive function after the complex preparatory therapy are defined. The preparatory therapy for men with MI in preparation for IVF helps to improve the quality of embryos and increase the pregnancy rates in couples with male infertility due to the assisted reproductive technologies. The positive effect of preparatory complex therapy in patients with poor spermatogenesis on the blastocyst formation rates in IVF programs is shown.Conclusions. The positive effect of MI on the normal functioning of the reproductive system in men has been proven. The increase pregnancy rates in the IVF program after preparatory treatment of men with MI can be explained by its positive effect on reducing the level of DNA fragmentation of sperm.

The use of Kollapan in the treatment of periodontal diseases

Relevance. Before starting the therapeutic treatment of various periodontal diseases, it should be clearly understood that a high-quality treatment is possible only with complex therapy, excluding local irritating adverse factors in the oral cavity, elimination of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues, as well as violations of its function. One of the main tasks of the treatment of periodontal diseases is the preservation of the dentition with a single functional system.Purpose – to assess the use of the drug Kollapan in tooth extraction and treatment of periodontitis.Materials and methods. The clinical observation group consisted of 40 patients aged 19 to 65 years. The gender ratio was 3 : 2 (60% men, 40% women). The largest percentage of patients (65%) came to the clinic with complex tooth extraction. The remaining 35% – with generalized periodontitis of moderate and mild severity.Results. Clinical observation showed that in the first group of patients, whose therapy included the use of Collapan, after a complex tooth extraction, physiological healing of the hole was observed, the disappearance of inflammation within 24–36 hours after the surgery

Application of vessel endothelium growth factor inhibitor ranibizumab in complex therapy of retinopathy of prematurity

AIM: To conduct a retrospective study of the application of vessel endothelium growth factor inhibitor ranibizumab in complex therapy of retinopathy of prematurity in Ural State children`s ophthalmological center at State Autonomic Health Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region Multiprofile Clinical Medical Center BONUM in Yekaterinburg. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 17 patients (33 eyes). The gestation age was from 23 to 30 weeks (mean: 26.51.7 weeks), birth weight was from 600 to 1850 g (mean: 867229 g). 8 patients (47%) had APROP, and 9 patients (53%) had ROP stage III, type 1, plus disease. Laser coagulation of the avascular areas of the retina as the start in ROP therapy was performed in three patients with APROP (4 eyes, 12.1%). Intravitreal injection of the anti-VEGF ranibizumab was performed in 17 patients (33 eyes), including patients with previous laser coagulation. The age of the patients at the time of injection was from 7.7 to 15.6 weeks (10.51.9 weeks), PCA from 32.3 to 39.6 weeks (37.01.8 weeks). Patients with stage IVa ROP (5 patients, 6 eyes) underwent 25G or 27G lens sparing vitrectomy. RESULTS: As a result of the complex treatment of ROP, the following results were obtained: complete regression in 13 patients (28 eyes, 84.8%). Partial regression in two patients (2 eyes, 6.1%). ROP progression to stage V in two patients (3 eyes, 9.1%). CONCLUSION: Complex treatment of severe stages of active ROP with laser treatment, IVI injections, ranibizumab, and vitrectomy made it possible to preserve vision in 90.9% of patients.