scholarly journals Rapid-onset antidepressant action of ketamine: potential revolution in understanding and future pharmacologic treatment of depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Drewniany ◽  
J. Han ◽  
C. Hancock ◽  
R. L. Jones ◽  
J. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Action

scholarly journals Urothelial toxicity of esketamine in the treatment of depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (11) ◽  
pp. 3295-3302
Author(s):  
Hannelore Findeis ◽  
Cathrin Sauer ◽  
Anthony Cleare ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Philipp Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Free Haemoglobin ◽  
Leukocyte Concentration ◽  
Depression Ratings ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Abstract Rationale Ketamine is the first widely used substance with rapid-onset antidepressant action. However, there are uncertainties regarding its potential urothelial toxicity, particularly after repeated application. In the context of rising recreational ketamine use, severe side effects affecting the human urinary tract have been reported. It is assumed that ketamine interacts with bladder urothelial cells and induces apoptosis. Objectives This study aimed to assess whether single or repeated doses of esketamine used in an antidepressant indication are associated with urinary toxicity. Methods We included male and female inpatients with a current episode of depression and a diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder according to ICD-10 criteria (n = 25). The esketamine treatment schedule involved a maximum of 3× weekly dosing at 0.25–0.5 mg/kg i.v. or s.c. The primary outcome was the change in urine toxicity markers (leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein and free haemoglobin). Description of demographic, clinical and laboratory data was conducted using means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. Changes in urinary toxicity markers over time were evaluated using linear mixed models with gender as a covariate. Results The participants received an average of 11.4 (SD 8) esketamine treatments, and an average number of 11.2 (SD 8) urine samples were analysed over the course of treatment. Neither urinary leukocyte concentration (F(20; 3.0) = 3.1; p = 0.2) nor erythrocyte concentration (F(20;2.2) = 4.1; p = 0.2) showed a significant trend towards increase during the course of esketamine treatment. Similarly, free haemoglobin and protein concentrations, which were analysed descriptively, did not display a rise during treatment. There was a significant improvement in depression ratings after esketamine treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to focus on urothelial toxicity of esketamine used in antidepressant indication and dose. The results indicate that the use of single or repeated doses of esketamine is unlikely to cause urothelial toxicity. The results are in need of confirmation as sample size was small.

Neuroplasticity: A Key Player in the Antidepressant Action of Chinese Herbal Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Baomei Xia ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Weiwei Tao
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Neural Apoptosis ◽  
Treatment Theory ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a systematic medicine. It provides alternative strategies for the treatment of depression with its clinical experience, comprehensive diagnosis, and treatment theory. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is the major form of TCM prescription, and numerous CHMs have been demonstrated to possess remarkable antidepressant-like properties. A diversity of mechanisms have been implicated in CHM-associated antidepressant property. This paper reviewed the neuroplastic mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of CHM, finding that CHM repairs neuroplasticity by improving neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, synaptic spine morphology, cell signaling, glutamatergic system, monoamine neurotransmitters, and neural apoptosis. CHM thereby exerts an antidepressant effect, attempting to offer a better understanding of the mechanisms implicated in TCM-related antidepressant-like efficacy and laying a foundation for the scientific evaluation and development of TCM in treating depression.

scholarly journals Prolonged epigenetic and synaptic plasticity alterations following single exposure to a psychedelic in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario de la Fuente Revenga ◽  
Bohan Zhu ◽  
Christopher A. Guevara ◽  
Lynette B. Naler ◽  
Justin M. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
Spine Structure ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Underlying Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Clinical evidence suggests a potential therapeutic effect of classic psychedelics for the treatment of depression. The most outstanding and distinct characteristic is the rapid and sustained antidepressant action with one single exposure to the drug. However, the biological substrates and key mediators of psychedelics’ enduring action remain unknown. Here, we show that a single administration of the psychedelic DOI produced fast-acting effects on frontal cortex dendritic spine structure and acceleration of fear extinction via the 5-HT2A receptor. Additionally, a single dose of DOI led to changes in chromatin organization particularly at enhancer regions of genes involved in synaptic assembly that stretched for days after the psychedelic exposure. DOI-induced alterations in neuronal epigenome overlapped with genetic loci associated with schizophrenia, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Together, these data support the notion that epigenetic-driven changes in synaptic plasticity operate as the mechanistic substrate of psychedelic’s long-lasting antidepressant action but also warn on the limitations in individuals with underlying risk for psychosis.

Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression in Nursing Home Residents: A Mental Health Services Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Datto ◽  
David W. Oslin ◽  
Joel E. Streim ◽  
Stephen M. Scheinthal ◽  
Suzanne DiFilippo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

scholarly journals Riluzole Stimulates BDNF Release from Human Platelets

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Türck ◽  
Marcos Emílio Frizzo
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Extracellular Glutamate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has several functions in the central nervous system, where it contributes to brain development and its functionality through affecting neuronal survival and activity and also modulating neurotransmitter levels. This neurotrophin is also found in the serum, but its origin and peripheral function remain unknown. Although the source of circulating BDNF is uncertain, it is stored in platelets and can be released through pharmacological treatment. Decreased levels of BDNF in the serum have been related to the pathophysiology of depression, and this relationship is reinforced by the reversal of this condition by treatment with antidepressants. Recently, riluzole has been proposed for the treatment of depression because it has the ability to lower extracellular glutamate levels and increase BDNF expression; and both mechanisms could be associated with its antidepressant action. Considering that riluzole enhances BDNF levels in the serum of patients, we investigated if treatment with this drug could stimulate the release of this neurotrophin from human platelets obtained from healthy subjects. When platelets were incubated with riluzole for 4 h, the basal value of BDNF (92.9±11.1 pg 10−6platelets) was significantly increased (P<0.05,n=27). This stimulatory effect was achieved at low concentrations of riluzole (from 10 µM) and was not observed when platelets were incubated with the drug for 24 h. The direct action of riluzole evoking BDNF release from human platelets at therapeutic concentrations is important and may contribute to the understanding of its mechanisms of action in the treatment of depression.

The Use of Ketamine as Therapy for Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Lovina Lovina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Chronic Pain Management ◽  
Extracellular Glutamate ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
New Generation

Depressive disorder is still a significant problem in several developed countries and is morbidity caused by mental disorders. With the development of science, now discovered the unique pharmacodynamic properties of ketamine, which is used as an antidepressant. As we know in clinical practice, ketamine is used for anaesthesia, analgesia, sedation, and chronic pain management. Rapid-onset antidepressants resulted from increased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Extracellular glutamate agents are not new for the treatment of depression. According to the neurobiology view, depression is a monoaminergic phenomenon, so this is the impetus for discovering a new generation of antidepressants. Ketamine can be given intravenously in subanesthetic doses. Still, monitoring must be carrying in therapy administration because of the possible side effects such as hypersalivation, tachycardia, increased systemic arterial pressure, and intracranial pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document