scholarly journals Universal Health (UHC) and Primary Health Care (PHC)—A complex dynamic endeavor

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Martin ◽  
Joachim Sturmberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals Universal Health (UHC) and Primary Health Care (PHC) – a complex dynamic endeavour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Martin ◽  
Joachim Sturmberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Universal Health

The Universal Health (UHC) movement in its latest iteration, has adopted key objectives of Primary Health Care (PHC). This is a notable shift in the right direction but achieving what appears to be simple targets is a highly complex endeavour across both wealthy and less wealthy countries and jurisdictions. Improving health for all targets requires political-economic, bureaucratic and alignment with bottom-up grass-roots agencies. Despite present successes, there is a need to adapt to constant challenges including pandemics, adverse climate phenomena and political-economic shifts.

scholarly journals The situation of nursing education in Latin America and the Caribbean towards universal health

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Helena De Bortoli Cassiani ◽  
Lynda Law Wilson ◽  
Sabrina de Souza Elias Mikael ◽  
Laura Morán Peña ◽  
Rosa Amarilis Zarate Grajales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Universal Health

Objective: to assess the situation of nursing education and to analyze the extent to which baccalaureate level nursing education programs in Latin America and the Caribbean are preparing graduates to contribute to the achievement of Universal Health. Method: quantitative, descriptive/exploratory, cross-sectional study carried out in 25 countries. Results: a total of 246 nursing schools participated in the study. Faculty with doctoral level degrees totaled 31.3%, without Brazil this is reduced to 8.3%. The ratio of clinical experiences in primary health care services to hospital-based services was 0.63, indicating that students receive more clinical experiences in hospital settings. The results suggested a need for improvement in internet access; information technology; accessibility for the disabled; program, faculty and student evaluation; and teaching/learning methods. Conclusion: there is heterogeneity in nursing education in Latin America and the Caribbean. The nursing curricula generally includes the principles and values of Universal Health and primary health care, as well as those principles underpinning transformative education modalities such as critical and complex thinking development, problem-solving, evidence-based clinical decision-making, and lifelong learning. However, there is a need to promote a paradigm shift in nursing education to include more training in primary health care.

scholarly journals Roles and reimbursement of pharmacists as South Africa transitions towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC): An online survey-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257348
Author(s):  
Vivian Naidoo ◽  
Fatima Suleman ◽  
Varsha Bangalee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
Universal Health

Background The implementation of Universal Health Coverage in SA has sought to focus on promoting affordable health care services that are accessible to all citizens. In this regard, pharmacists are expected to play a pivotal function in the revitalization of primary health care (PHC) during this transition by the expansion of their practice roles. Objectives To assess the readiness and perceptions of pharmacists to expand their roles in an integrated health care system. To determine the availability and pricing of primary health care services currently provided within a community pharmacy environment and to evaluate suitable reimbursement for the provision of such services by a community pharmacist. Methods Community pharmacists’ across SA were invited to participate in an online survey-based study. The survey consisted of both open- and closed-ended questions. Descriptive statistics for closed-ended questions were generated and analysed using Microsoft Excel® and Survey Monkey®. Responses for the open-ended questions were transcribed, analysed, and reported as emerging themes. Results Six hundred and sixty-four pharmacists’ responded to the online survey. Seventy-five percent of pharmacists’ reported that with appropriate training, a transition into a more patient-centered role might be beneficial in the re-engineering of the PHC system. However, in order to adopt these new roles, appropriate reimbursement structures are required. The current fee levied by pharmacists in community pharmacies that offered these PHC services was found to be lower to that recommended by the South African Pharmacy Council; this disparity is primarily due to a lack of information and policy standardisation. Therefore, in order to ensure that fees levied are fair, comprehensive service package guidelines are required. Conclusions This study provides baseline data for policy makers on pharmacists’ readiness to transition into expanded roles. Furthermore, it can be used as a foundation to establish appropriate reimbursement frameworks for pharmacists providing PHC services.

scholarly journals Universal Health Care and political economy, neoliberalism and effects of COVID-19 -- a view of systems and complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Peterson ◽  
Christine Walker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Universal Health Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Universal Health

Sturmberg and Martin’s application of systems and complexity theory to understanding Universal Health Care (UHC) and Primary Health Care (PHC) is evaluated in the light of the influence of political economy on health systems. Further the role that neoliberal approaches to governance have had in creating increased inequities is seen as a key challenge for UHC. COVID-19 has emphasized long standing discrepancies in health and these disadvantages require government will and cooperation together with adequate social services to redress these discrepancies in UHC.

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