Quantification and neurochemical coding of the myenteric plexus in humans: No regional variation between the distal colon and rectum

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. e13193 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-S. Ng ◽  
N. A. Montes-Adrian ◽  
D. A. Mahns ◽  
M. A. Gladman
Keyword(s):  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Neurochemical Coding ◽  
Colon And Rectum

Regional variation in the neurochemical coding of the myenteric plexus of the human colon and changes in patients with slow transit constipation

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1298-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
d. wattchow ◽  
s. brookes ◽  
e. murphy ◽  
s. carbone ◽  
d. de fontgalland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Slow Transit Constipation ◽  
Neurochemical Coding ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Transit Constipation

scholarly journals Dopamine Transporter Genetic Reduction Induces Morpho-Functional Changes in the Enteric Nervous System

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Silvia Cerantola ◽  
Valentina Caputi ◽  
Gabriella Contarini ◽  
Maddalena Mereu ◽  
Antonella Bertazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Neurochemical Coding ◽  
The Impact

Antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics are indeed commonly used to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders, although the precise role of dopaminergic transmission in the gut is still unclear. Since dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in several brain disorders by modulating extracellular dopamine in the central nervous system, this study evaluated the impact of DAT genetic reduction on the morpho-functional integrity of mouse small intestine enteric nervous system (ENS). In DAT heterozygous (DAT+/−) and wild-type (DAT+/+) mice (14 ± 2 weeks) alterations in small intestinal contractility were evaluated by isometrical assessment of neuromuscular responses to receptor and non-receptor-mediated stimuli. Changes in ENS integrity were studied by real-time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations (). DAT genetic reduction resulted in a significant increase in dopamine-mediated effects, primarily via D1 receptor activation, as well as in reduced cholinergic response, sustained by tachykininergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission via NMDA receptors. These functional anomalies were associated to architectural changes in the neurochemical coding and S100β immunoreactivity in small intestine myenteric plexus. Our study provides evidence that genetic-driven DAT defective activity determines anomalies in ENS architecture and neurochemical coding together with ileal dysmotility, highlighting the involvement of dopaminergic system in gut disorders, often associated to neurological conditions.

scholarly journals Enteric Glia Are Targets of the Sympathetic Innervation of the Myenteric Plexus in the Guinea Pig Distal Colon

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 6801-6809 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gulbransen ◽  
J. S. Bains ◽  
K. A. Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Enteric Glia

scholarly journals A Case of Unresectable Rectal Necrosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nassif ◽  
Ahmed Ameer ◽  
Sarkis H. Meterissian ◽  
Ari-Nareg Meguerditchian
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Left Colon ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Diverting Ostomy ◽  
Good Drainage ◽  
Extensive Necrosis ◽  
Mucus Fistula

Introduction. Necrosis of the rectum is an uncommon finding due to abundant collateral vasculature. Its management remains challenging, without clear consensus in the literature.Case Report. We describe a case of a 53-year-old woman with multiple medical comorbidities that presented in septic shock and hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed ischemic colitis. Conservative management was instituted. At two weeks, she presented evidence of peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed extensive necrosis of the left colon and rectum. Due to dense inflammation, resection was deemed unsafe. Therefore, a transverse ostomy with mucosal fistula was preformed. Multiple drains were left in place. The patient healed uneventfully.Conclusion. This case illustrates that, if extensive dissection of the distal colon and rectum is unsafe due to the patient's critical condition or technical feasibility, then a diverting ostomy of the proximal viable bowel along with a mucus fistula and good drainage of the abdomen represents an acceptable alternative.

scholarly journals Diurnal variations in the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the alimentary tracts of wild rabbits

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Henning ◽  
F. J. R. Hird
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
High Concentrations

1. Wild rabbits were caught during both phases of the excretory cycle and their gut contents were analysed for volatile fatty acids (VFA).2. All rabbits were found to have high concentrations of VFA in the caecum and in the proximal colon. Acetic was the most abundant acid followed by n-butyric, then propionic.3. VFA concentrations in the caecum and in the proximal colon of rabbits caught during the day and during the night were similar. Hard pellets from the distal colon and rectum of rabbits caught during the night had considerably less VFA than did the soft pellets from rabbits caught during the day.4. Owing to the ingestion of soft faeces, the VFA content of stomach material was greater in rabbits caught during the day than in those caught at night.5. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of the diurnal excretion pattern and the role of coprophagy in the rabbit.

Operative Treatment of Carcinoma of the Distal Colon and Rectum

1949 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Samuel Standard ◽  
John H. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Colon And Rectum

Actinomycosis of the distal colon and rectum

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Distal Colon ◽  
Colon And Rectum

Neurochemical coding in the myenteric plexus of the upper gastrointestinal tract of hibernating hamsters

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shochina ◽  
A. Belai ◽  
L. Toole ◽  
G. Knight ◽  
G. Burnstock
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neurochemical Coding ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal
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