Implicit memory formation using the word stem completion task during anesthesia in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Bonett ◽  
Xiuzhi Pham ◽  
Katherine R. Smith ◽  
Kelly Howard ◽  
Suzette Sheppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Word Stem Completion

Increased Reading Speed for Stories Presented during General Anesthesia 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinikka Munte ◽  
Isabelle Kobbe ◽  
Avra Demertzis ◽  
Ekkehard Lullwitz ◽  
Thomas F. Munte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Speed Task ◽  
Word Stem Completion

Background In the absence of explicit memories such as the recall and recognition of intraoperative events, memory of auditory information played during general anesthesia has been demonstrated with several tests of implicit memory. In contrast to explicit memory, which requires conscious recollection, implicit memory does not require recollection of previous experiences and is evidenced by a priming effect on task performance. The authors evaluated the effect of a standardized anesthetic technique on implicit memory, first using a word stem completion task, and then a reading speed task in a subsequent study. Methods While undergoing lumbar disc surgery, 60 patients were exposed to auditory materials via headphones in two successive experiments. A balanced intravenous technique with propofol and alfentanil infusions and a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture was used to maintain adequate anesthesia. In the first experiment, 30 patients were exposed randomly to one of the two lists of 34 repeated German nouns; in the second experiment, 30 patients were exposed to one of two tapes containing two short stories. Thirty control patients for each experiment heard the tapes without receiving anesthesia. All patients were tested for implicit memory 6-8 h later: A word stem completion task for the words and a reading speed task for the stories were used as measures of implicit memory. Results The control group completed the word stems significantly more often with the words that they had heard previously, but no such effect was found in the anesthetized group. However, both the control and patient groups showed a decreased reading time of about 40 ms per word for the previously presented stories compared with the new stories. The patients had no explicit memory of intraoperative events. Conclusions Implicit memory was demonstrated after anesthesia by the reading speed task but not by the word stem completion task. Some methodologic aspects, such as using low frequency words or varying study and test modalities, may account for the negative results of the word stem completion task. Another explanation is that anesthesia with propofol, alfentanil, and nitrous oxide suppressed the word priming but not the reading speed measure of implicit memory. The reading speed paradigm seems to provide a stable and reliable measurement of implicit memory.

Word-stem completion task to investigate semantic network in patients with Alzheimer's disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Passafiume ◽  
D. Di Giacomo ◽  
A. Carolei
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Word Stem Completion

A word-stem completion task to assess implicit processing of appearance-related information

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Tiggemann ◽  
Duane Hargreaves ◽  
Janet Polivy ◽  
Traci McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Completion ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Word Stem Completion

How to study implicit memory during anesthesia: suggestions for an optimal selection of the items for the word stem completion test (WSCT)

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement 32) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
I. Lorenzi ◽  
F. Forfori ◽  
M. Di Stefano ◽  
F. Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Word Stem Completion ◽  
Selection Of

Does familiarity or conflict account for performance in the word-stem completion task? Evidence from behavioural and event-related-potential data

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Klonek ◽  
Sascha Tamm ◽  
Markus J. Hofmann ◽  
Arthur M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Word Stem Completion

Priming Effects from Young-Old to Very Old Age on a Word-Stem Completion Task: Minimizing Explicit Contamination

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline E. J. Spaan ◽  
Jeroen G. W. Raaijmakers
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Word Stem Completion ◽  
Young Old

Implicit Memory in the Tactile Modality: Evidence From Braille Stem Completion in the Blind

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan B. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Perceptual Priming ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Modal Component ◽  
Tactile Modality ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
First Time

Research on perceptual priming has previously focused exclusively on priming in the visual and auditory modalities The present study explored whether perceptual priming also extends to the tactile modality Tactile priming for Braille words was examined in a group of blind participants, using a Braille analogue of the stem-completion task The results for tactile priming paralleled previous stem-completion results in other modalities Manipulating the encoding task at study (semantic vs nonsemantic) dissociated implicit and explicit Braille stem-completion performance, and priming was unaffected by the number of study presentations (one vs three) Finally, Braille stem-completion priming was found in a cross-modal paradigm to have both a specifically tactile component and a cross-modal component These results demonstrate for the first time that verbal priming can occur in the tactile domain and that tactile priming has basic functional similarities with stem-completion priming in the visual and auditory domains

scholarly journals Target Words for the Word Stem Completion Test in Australian Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lee ◽  
K. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
First Language ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Royal Melbourne Hospital ◽  
Robust Test ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Word Stem Completion ◽  
Target Words

A robust test that reliably demonstrates implicit memory during general anaesthesia is required. The Word Stem Completion (WSC) test has been used as a measurement tool in a number of recent studies that have detected implicit memory during anaesthesia. However, target words used in the WSC test need to be culturally appropriate in order to maximize the sensitivity of the test. Therefore, fifty postoperative patients with English as a first language were recruited at The Royal Melbourne Hospital in order to assess the frequency of 98 target words in response to a word stem presentation. This generated a list of 32 target words that is suitable for use in studies of implicit memory during anaesthesia in Australian patients.

Implicit memory functioning in schizophrenia: Explaining inconsistent findings of word stem completion tasks

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Soler ◽  
Juan Carlos Ruiz ◽  
Carmen Dasí ◽  
Inma Fuentes-Durá
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Word Stem Completion

scholarly journals Inefficient stimulus processing at encoding affects formation of high-order general representation: A study on cross-modal word-stem completion task

2015 ◽  
Vol 1622 ◽  
pp. 386-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sebastiani ◽  
Eleonora Castellani ◽  
Angelo Gemignani ◽  
Fiorenzo Artoni ◽  
Danilo Menicucci
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
General Representation ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Word Stem Completion
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