Modality in the nominal domain: Yalnhej DPs in Chuj

How do modal expressions determine which possibilities they invoke? Do they do it the same way across categories? Recent work proposes that modal auxiliaries project the domain of possibilities that they quantify over from an event variable, which can get different values in different syntactic positions (Hacquard 2006, 2009, 2010, see also Kratzer 2013). Based on the behaviour of the Spanish random choice indefinite uno cualquiera, Alonso-Ovalle & Menéndez-Benito (2018) conclude that the same strategy is available for modal indefinites. This paper brings evidence from Chuj, an understudied Mayan language, which supports this conclusion further. The paper focuses on yalnhej DPs, a type of quantifier that makes a non-upper bound existential claim and that contributes a modal component with a flavour that depends on syntactic position.

PREDICATES OF COERCION AS A MEANS OF CATEGORICAL EXPRESSION OF WILL IN THE SEMANTIC-SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH SENTENCE

The article highlights the semantics of coercion predicates as one of the main means of expressing debitive modality (along with the modality of expediency, obligation, necessity, compulsion and inevitability). Predicates of coercion, in our opinion, contain in their structure the modal component of ‘will’, as one of the main modal meanings. Coercion is analyzed as a predetermined need to act contrary to smb’s own will or desire. The main means of expressing coercion semantics is the predicate to force. All coercion predicates denote the forced action of different intensity, that is, there is a semantic differentiation of coercion predicates. They are characterized by a negative connotation, since the action is undesirable, forced for the subject, contrary to their interests, will. The negative component is a constituent part of the semantics of coercion predicates. The predicates of coercion are closely related to predicates of compulsion. Thus, the predicates of coercion to constrain, to compel and to oblige can denote both the situations of coercion and compulsion. In addition, in sentences with causative verbs of coercion like to force, the positional structure differs from the one where the predicate is the modal verbs to have to, to be to. This is due to the fact that in constructions with the objective infinitive, more than one situation is explicated.

Network Security Situation Prediction Model Based on EMD and ELPSO Optimized BiGRU Neural Network

The traditional network security situation prediction method depends on the accuracy of historical situation values, and there are correlations and differences in importance among various network security factors. To solve the above problems, a combined forecasting model based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and improved Particle Swarm Optimization (ELPSO) to optimize BiGRU neural network (EMD-ELPSO-BiGRU) is proposed. Firstly, the model decomposes the network security situation data sequence into a series of intrinsic modal components by empirical mode decomposition; Then, the prediction model of the BiGRU neural network is established for each modal component, and an improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (ELPSO) is proposed to optimize the super parameters of BiGRU neural network. Finally, the prediction results of each modal component are superimposed to obtain the final prediction value of the network security situation. In the experiment, on the one hand, ELPSO is compared with other particle swarm optimization algorithms, and the results show that ELPSO has better optimization performance; On the other hand, through simulation test and comparison between EMD-ELPSO-BiGRU and other traditional forecasting methods, the results show that the established combined forecasting model has higher forecasting accuracy.

Bayesian optimisation for low-noise aerofoil design with aerodynamic constraints

This paper presents an optimisation approach for designing low-noise Outlet Guide Vanes (OGVs) for fan broadband noise generated due to the interaction of turbulence and a cascade of 2-dimensional aerofoils. The paper demonstrates the usage of Bayesian optimisation with constraints to reduce the computation cost of optimisation. The prediction is based on Fourier synthesis of the impinging turbulence and the aerofoil response is predicted for each vortical modal component. A linearised unsteady Navier-Stokes solver is used to predict the aerofoil response due to an incoming harmonic vortical gust. This paper shows that to achieve noise reductions of 0.5 dB the penalty on the aerodynamic performance of 33% is observed compared to baseline aerofoil. Hence, the geometry changes such as thickness and nose radius can’t reduce broadband noise without effecting aerodynamic performance.

Actuality bias in verb learning: The case of sublexically modal transfer verbs

The study investigates semantic development of sublexically modal verbs of transfer, throw and send, in English-speaking children. For adults, sublexical modality of these verbs can be seen in the fact that the subevent of transfer of the object to the recipient need not take place in the actual world, e.g. Mary sent/threw a book to John does not entail a successful transfer of the book to John. Yet in two experiments (Experiment 1: 3–4 year-olds, N = 59; Experiment 2: 3–6 year olds, N = 120) young English-speaking children often misinterpreted Mary sent a book to John as entailing successful transfer. We show that such non-adultlike interpretations were present despite the children’s conceptual ability to entertain possible worlds. We propose that children may initially construct verb meanings on the basis of actual events, and later adjust them to include a modal component.

Aeroelastic Stability of Axial Compressor Blades Under Different Operating Conditions

Flutter is one of the important issues in turbomachinery analysis. There are four common types of flutter, including sub/transonic stall flutter, choke flutter, supersonic stall flutter, and supersonic non-stall flutter. Flutter may occur under many different operating conditions. Therefore, it is important to study the aeroelastic stability of blades when the compressor operates under different conditions. Based on the energy method proposed by Carta [1], this paper studied the aeroelastic stability of the second-stage rotor blade of an axial compressor under different operating conditions. It is found that the aerodynamic damping of the blade under the near-stall operating point of the compressor is negative. Three typical operating points are selected to study the differences in flutter mechanism between different operating conditions. The 90% span section is selected as the reference section to analyze the variation of the aerodynamic work at different operating points. The influence of reduced frequency, modal component, and tip clearance on aerodynamic damping are analyzed under three operating points.

Modal Reduction Procedures for Flexible Multibody System Applications

The comprehensive simulation of flexible multibody systems calls for the ability to model various types of structural components such as rigid bodies, beams, plates, and kinematic joints. Modal components test offer additional modeling versatility by enabling the treatment of complex, three-dimensional structures via modal reduction procedures based on the small deformation assumption. In this paper, the problem is formulated within the framework of the motion formalism. The kinematic description involves simple, straightforward frame transformations and leads to deformation measures that are both objective and tensorial. Derivatives are expressed in the material frame, which results in the remarkable property that the tangent matrices are independent of the configuration of the modal component with respect to an inertial frame. This implies a reduced level of geometric nonlinearity as compared to standard description. In particular, geometrically nonlinear problems can be solved with the constant tangent matrices of the reference configuration, without re-evaluation and re-factorization.

Linguistic Means of Expressing Objective Epistemic Modality in Scientific Discourse

The predicates typical of scientific discourse shown, proved, established , etc., which are used to present the results of the study are discussed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the scientific significance of addressing the problem of discursive research of epistemic indicators of reliability in the context of the principles of the language postclassical logical analysis. The purpose of the study is to justify the “modality” of these constructions and describe the epistemic modal meaning that they bring to the proposition, as specific propositional attitudes. The methodology used in the article is based on some basic principles of modal (in particular, epistemic) logic and linguistic semantics of J. Lyons and E. V. Paducheva. The novelty of the study is in the fact that the pragmatic functions of the considered predicates are described. It is shown that, in addition to a simple statement, their value contains an epistemic modal component, which is based on the value of “provability” described by modal logic. It is established that this modal meaning correlates with the category of objective language modality. Particular attention is paid to logical and linguistic grounds on which these predicates are classified as modal. The question is raised about the functioning of these predicates in contexts complicated by indicators of subjective epistemic modality with a value of problematic certainty. It is concluded that the predicates shown, proved, established, and similar ones indicate the “objective” (verifiable) nature of the information presented and the author’s conviction of the reliability of the described data, and constructions with the indicated predicates also perform a rhetorical function and enhance the “persuasiveness” of the text.

Leakage Signal Analysis of Urban Gas Pipeline Based on Improved Variational Mode Decomposition

Aiming at problems of multipoint leakage source detection and low positioning accuracy in urban gas pipelines, a multipoint leak location method base on improved variational mode decomposition (VMD) was proposed. By improving the VMD decomposition of the original leakage signal, the parameters of the VMD were optimized to reduce the influence of noise and weak correlation signals on the leak location. Then the multi-point leakage location model of pipeline was established, and the sensitive modal component Intrinsic mode function (IMF) with the most leakage information was selected by multiscale entropy. According to the characteristics of the blind source separation method, the relevant time delays of the simultaneous leakage of multiple points on the pipeline and the frequency of the signal are extracted. Finally, The location of the leak source is determined according to the principle of cross-correlation. The experimental results show that compared with the direct cross-correlation method and the VMD-based method, the proposed multipoint leak diagnosis method has less error, the minimum relative error is 1.61%, and the positioning accuracy is higher.