scholarly journals Breeding systems of floral colour forms in the Drosera cistiflora species complex

Plant Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Witt ◽  
B. Anderson ◽  
I. N. Durbach ◽  
S. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Floral Colour

scholarly journals An approach to determining anthocyanin synthesis enzyme gene expression in an evolutionary context: an example from Erica plukenetii

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Le Maitre ◽  
M D Pirie ◽  
D U Bellstedt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Floral Colour ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
General Application ◽  
Anthocyanin Pathway ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Subsequent Loss

Abstract Background and Aims Floral colour in angiosperms can be controlled by variations in the expression of the genes of the anthocyanin pathway. Floral colour shifts influence pollinator specificity. Multiple shifts in floral colour occurred in the diversification of the genus Erica (Ericaceae), from plesiomorphic pink to, for example, red or white flowers. Variation in anthocyanin gene expression and its effects on floral colour in the red-, pink- and white-flowered Erica plukenetii species complex was investigated. Methods Next generation sequencing, reverse transcriptase PCR and real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR were used to quantify anthocyanin gene expression. Key Results Non-homologous mutations causing loss of expression of single genes were found, indicating that the cause was likely to be mutations in transcription factor binding sites upstream of the 5′-untranslated region of the genes, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Conclusions Independent evolution and subsequent loss of expression of anthocyanin genes may have influenced diversification in the E. plukenetii species complex. The approach developed here should find more general application in studies on the role of floral colour shifts in diversification.

scholarly journals Pronounced Genetic Separation Among Varieties of thePrimula cusickianaSpecies Complex, a Great Basin Endemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Koontz ◽  
William D. Pearse ◽  
Paul Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Fragmented Habitats ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Varietal Classification ◽  
Sky Island

AbstractDistinguishing between unique species and populations with strong genetic structure is a common challenge in population genetics, especially in fragmented habitats where allopatric speciation may be widespread and distinct groups may be morphologically similar. Such is often the case with species complexes across sky island environments. In these scenarios, biogeography may help to explain the relations between species complex members, and RADseq methods are commonly used to compare closely related species across thousands of genetic loci. Here we use RADseq to clarify the relations between geographically distinct but morphologically similar varieties of thePrimula cusickianaspecies complex, and to contextualize past findings of strong genetic structure among populations within varieties. Our genomic analyses demonstrate pronounced separation between isolated populations of this Great Basin endemic, indicating that the current varietal classification of complex members is inaccurate and emphasizing their conservation importance. We discuss how these results correspond to recent biogeographical models used to describe the distribution of other sky island taxa in western North America. Our findings also fit into a wider trend observed for alpinePrimulaspecies complexes, and we consider how heterostylous breeding systems may be contributing to frequent diversification via allopatric speciation in this genus.

scholarly journals Evolution of biogeographic patterns, ploidy levels, and breeding systems in a diploid-polyploid species complex of Primula

2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 060609080741023-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Guggisberg ◽  
Guilhem Mansion ◽  
Sylvia Kelso ◽  
Elena Conti
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns

Identification of sibling species in the genus Eucyclops from water-bodies of Ukraine and Russia using crossbreeding studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Monchenko ◽  
L. P. Gaponova ◽  
V. R. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate cryptic species in water bodies of Ukraine and Russia because the most useful criterion in species independence is reproductive isolation. The problem of cryptic species in the genus Eucyclops was examined using interpopulation crosses of populations collected from Baltic Sea basin (pond of Strelka river basin) and Black Sea basin (water-reservoires of Dnieper, Dniester and Danube rivers basins). The results of reciprocal crosses in Eucyclops serrulatus-group are shown that E. serrulatus from different populations but from water bodies belonging to the same river basin crossed each others successfully. The interpopulation crosses of E. serrulatus populations collected from different river basins (Dnipro, Danube and Dniester river basins) were sterile. In this group of experiments we assigned evidence of sterility to four categories: 1) incomplete copulation or absence of copulation; 2) nonviable eggs; 3) absence of egg membranes or egg sacs 4) empty egg membranes. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the E. serrulatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its range. The same crossbreeding experiments were carries out between Eucyclops serrulatus and morphological similar species – Eucyclops macruroides from Baltic and Black Sea basins. The reciprocal crossings between these two species were sterile. Thus taxonomic heterogeneity among species of genus Eucyclops lower in E. macruroides than in E. serrulatus. The interpopulation crosses of E. macruroides populations collected from distant part of range were fertile. These crossbreeding studies suggest that E. macruroides species complex was evaluated as more stable than E. serrulatus species complex.

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

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