Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

scholarly journals Identification of the Colletotrichum species associated with mango diseases and a universal LAMP detection method for C. gloeosporioides species complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Yukako Hattori ◽  
Chiharu Nakashima ◽  
Shunsuke Kitabata ◽  
Kosuke Naito ◽  
Ayaka Hieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Detectable Range ◽  
Amplification Assay ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Abstract: The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex contains plant pathogens linked to Anthracnose diseases afflicting various crops. In this study, we designed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) primer set based on calmodulin gene coding region sequences from taxonomically authorized isolates of species from this complex to rapidly detect the presence of fungi associated with Anthracnose diseases. This test can be employed at any point between cultivation and sale. Moreover, we examined the specificity and detectable range of this primer set using isolates selected from species of the genus Colletotrichum. This test was able to specifically detect members of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, including C. gloeosporioides, C. aotearoa, C. fructicola, C. horii, C. kahawae, C. musae, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. tropicale. Key Words: Anthracnose, diagnosis, phylogeny, plant disease

scholarly journals First Report of Anthracnose of Tricyrtis macropoda Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Park ◽  
K. S. Han ◽  
Y. D. Kwon ◽  
H. D. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
First Report ◽  
Small Water

Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. (syn. T. dilatata Nakai), known as speckled toadlily, is a perennial herb native to China, Japan, and Korea. The plant has been highly praised for its beautiful flowers and rare populations in natural habitats. In September 2006, several dozen plants were heavily damaged by leaf spots and blight in cultivated plantings in the city of Pocheon, Korea. The infections with the same symptoms were repeated every year. In July 2011, the same symptoms were found on T. macropoda in the cities of Gapyeong and Osan, Korea. The leaf lesions began as small, water-soaked, pale greenish to grayish spots, which enlarged to form concentric rings and ultimately coalesced. A number of blackish acervuli were formed in the lesions. Acervuli were mostly epiphyllous, circular to ellipsoid, and 40 to 200 μm in diameter. Setae were two- to three-septate, dark brown at the base, paler upwards, acicular, and up to 100 μm long. Conidia (n = 30) were long obclavate to oblong-elliptical, sometimes fusiform-elliptical, guttulate, hyaline, and 12 to 20 × 4 to 6.5 μm (mean 15.4 × 5.2 μm). These morphological characteristics of the fungus were consistent with the description of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. (2). Voucher specimens (n = 7) were deposited in the Korea University herbarium (KUS). Two isolates, KACC46374 (ex KUS-F25916) and KACC46405 (ex KUS-F26063), were deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Fungal DNA was extracted and the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. The resulting sequences of 549 bp were deposited in Genbank (Accession Nos. JQ619480 and JQ619481). They showed 100% similarity with a sequence of C. gloeosporioides (EU32619). Isolate KACC46374 was used in a pathogenicity test. Inoculum was prepared by harvesting conidia from 3-week-old cultures on potato dextrose agar. A conidial suspension (2 × 106 conidia/ml) was sprayed onto 15 leaves of three plants. Three noninoculated plants served as controls. Plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain 100% relative humidity for 24 h and then kept in a greenhouse (22 to 28°C and 70 to 80% RH). After 5 days, typical leaf spot symptoms, identical to the ones observed in the field, started to develop on the leaves of inoculated plants. No symptoms were observed on control plants. C. gloeosporioides was reisolated from the lesions of inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. An anthracnose associated with C. tricyrtii (Teng) Teng was recorded on T. formosana and T. latifolia in China (3) and on T. formosana in Taiwan (1), respectively, without etiological studies. The morphological features of C. tricyrtii are within the variation of C. gloeosporioides (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose of T. macropoda. This report has significance to indigenous plant resource conservation managers and scientists because T. macropoda has been listed as one of the 126 “Rare and Endangered Plants” by the Korea Forest Service since 1991. References: (1) K. Sawada. Rep. Dept. Agric. Gov. Res. Inst. Formosa 87: 1, 1944. (2) B. C. Sutton. Pages 1–27 in: Colletotrichum Biology, Pathology and Control. J. A. Bailey and M. J. Jeger, eds. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. 1992. (3) S. C. Teng. Contrib. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 8:36, 1932.

scholarly journals First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Schefflera actinophylla in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 998-998
Author(s):  
J. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex ◽  
And Control

In China, in mild to warm climates, Schefflera actinophylla is commonly grown as a decorative tree in gardens. When mature, it has bright red flowers in inflorescences with up to 20 racemes that develop in summer or early autumn. From 2008 to 2011, lesions were observed on young and mature leaves in several locations in Guangzhou, China. The first symptoms were circular, necrotic areas that usually developed into irregular, dry, brown to reddish brown or black spots. Spots often first appeared at or near the margins of leaves. Reproductive bodies of the pathogen appeared as black specks in leaf spots. Under a 10× magnification, black, needle-like fungal structures (setae) were observed in the centers of spots on the upper leaf surface. A fungus was isolated from the lesion and was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. based on cultural characteristics and conidial morphology (1). The voucher isolates were deposited in the Institute of Plant Pathology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering. C. gloeosporioides is a species complex (2) and there is a degree of unresolved aspects of taxonomy in this species complex. Cultures on potato dextrose agar (PDA) had aerial white mycelium that turned gray to grayish black after 10 days at 25°C and a 12-h photoperiod and produced salmon to orange conidial masses. Brown, 80 to 120 μm long setae were observed in the acervulus. Conidia 14.1 to 18.0 × 4.0 to 6.1 μm in size were hyaline, thin-walled, aseptate, granular inside, clavate to slightly navicular in shape with an obtuse apex and a truncate base. To identify the fungus, a 588-bp segment of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The DNA sequence was submitted to GenBank as KC207404. A BLAST search of the DNA sequence showed 99% identity with accessions AY266389.1, EF423519.1, and HM575258.1 of C. gloeosporioides. Pathogenicity tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions at 25 ± 2°C. A total of 15 leaves from three 1-year-old S. actinophylla plants were inoculated with mycelial PDA plugs that were placed on 0.5-cm2 leaf wounds and then wrapped with Parafilm. Control leaves were treated similarly except that they were inoculated with PDA plugs without the fungus. No symptoms developed on control leaves after 10 days. Foliar lesions on inoculated leaves closely resembled those observed in the field. C. gloeosporioides was reisolated consistently from inoculated leaves. Pathogenicity was also tested by spraying leaves of potted S. actinophylla plants about 30 cm in height with 10 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml) prepared from 7-day-old PDA cultures grown at 25°C. Leaves sprayed with distilled water were used as controls. Three plants were inoculated in each of two experiments and were incubated at 25°C and 90% relative humidity in a growth chamber. Tiny brown spots started to develop on all inoculated leaves 5 days after inoculation and the progression of symptom development was similar to that observed in the field. Control leaves remained asymptomatic. C. gloeosporioides was reisolated from inoculated leaves. To my knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on S. actinophylla in China. References: (1) B. C. Sutton. The genus Glomerella and its anamorph Colletotrichum. In: Colletotrichum Biology, Pathology and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1992. (2) B. S. Weir et al. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Stud. Mycol. 73:115, 2012.

scholarly journals Keragaman Cendawan Pascapanen pada Umbi Bawang Merah Varietas Bima Brebes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra ◽  
Sri Listiyowati ◽  
Ira Zahara Nurwulansari
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Diversity of Postharvest Fungi on Shallot Bulbs Variety Bima BrebesIn Indonesia, shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is horticultural main commodity after hot pepper. Significant yield losses can be caused by postharvest fungi infection. Research on the diversity of postharvest fungi on shallot bulbs has been conducted in some countries, unfortunately little is done in Indonesia. The study was aimed to obtain information on the diversity of postharvest fungi infecting shallot bulbs variety Bima Brebes from several traditional markets in Bogor City. Shallot bulbs were collected in January and February 2016. The study consisted of fungal isolation from shallot bulbs, fungal pathogenicity test, and identification of pathogenic fungi based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphology identification was based on the color of fungal colony, growth pattern, as well as somatic and reproduction structures. Several species of pathogenic fungi were successfully identified from shallot bulbs i.e. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum and P. pinophilum.  Among these fungi, the highest pathogenicity was shown by C.  gloeosporioides species complex.

Multilocus identification and thiophanate‐methyl sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex associated with fruit with symptoms and symptomless leaves of mango

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionicio Fuentes‐Aragón ◽  
Vladimiro Guarnaccia ◽  
Angel Rebollar‐Alviter ◽  
Sandra B. Juárez‐Vázquez ◽  
Fortino Aguirre‐Rayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

Sensitivity to MBC fungicides and prochloraz of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex isolates from mango orchards in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Mora-Aguilera ◽  
Erendira G. Ríos-López ◽  
Martín Yáñez-Zúñiga ◽  
Angel Rebollar-Alviter ◽  
Cristian Nava-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex
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