The role of different Culex mosquito species in the transmission of West Nile virus and avian malaria parasites in Mediterranean areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ferraguti ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Josué Martínez‐de la Puente ◽  
Miguel Ángel Jiménez‐Clavero ◽  
Ana Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Culex Mosquito ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

scholarly journals Overlap in the Seasonal Infection Patterns of Avian Malaria Parasites and West Nile Virus in Vectors and Hosts

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. I. Medeiros ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Tony L. Goldberg ◽  
Marilyn O. Ruiz ◽  
Gabriel L. Hamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Infection ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

scholarly journals Assessing Diversity, Plasmodium Infection and Blood Meal Sources in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from a Brazilian Zoological Park with Avian Malaria Transmission

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães ◽  
Roseli França Simões ◽  
Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas ◽  
Regiane Maria Tironi de Menezes ◽  
Fabiana Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

Avian malaria parasites are widespread parasites transmitted by Culicidae insects belonging to different genera. Even though several studies have been conducted recently, there is still a lack of information about potential vectors of Plasmodium parasites, especially in Neotropical regions. Former studies with free-living and captive animals in São Paulo Zoo showed the presence of several Plasmodium and Haemoproteus species. In 2015, a pilot study was conducted at the zoo to collect mosquitoes in order to find out (i) which species of Culicidae are present in the study area, (ii) what are their blood meal sources, and (iii) to which Plasmodium species might they be potential vectors. Mosquitoes were morphologically and molecularly identified. Blood meal source and haemosporidian DNA were identified using molecular protocols. A total of 25 Culicidae species were identified, and 6 of them were positive for Plasmodium/Haemoproteus DNA. Ten mosquito species had their source of blood meal identified, which were mainly birds, including some species that were positive for haemosporidian parasites in the former study mentioned. This study allowed us to expand the list of potential vectors of avian malaria parasites and to improve our knowledge of the evolutionary and ecological relationships between the highly diverse communities of birds, parasites, and vectors present at São Paulo Zoo.

scholarly journals Avian malaria parasites in the last supper: identifying encounters between parasites and the invasive Asian mosquito tiger and native mosquito species in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Martínez-de la Puente ◽  
Joaquín Muñoz ◽  
Gioia Capelli ◽  
Fabrizio Montarsi ◽  
Ramón Soriguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites

scholarly journals Potential Dual Role of West Nile Virus NS2B in Orchestrating NS3 Enzymatic Activity in Viral Replication

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Alanna C. Tseng ◽  
Vivek R. Nerurkar ◽  
Kabi R. Neupane ◽  
Helmut Kae ◽  
Pakieli H. Kaufusi
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Viral Polyprotein ◽  
Ns3 Protease

West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) harbors the viral triphosphatase and helicase for viral RNA synthesis and, together with NS2B, constitutes the protease responsible for polyprotein processing. NS3 is a soluble protein, but it is localized to specialized compartments at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), where its enzymatic functions are essential for virus replication. However, the mechanistic details behind the recruitment of NS3 from the cytoplasm to the RER have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we employed immunofluorescence and biochemical assays to demonstrate that NS3, when expressed individually and when cleaved from the viral polyprotein, is localized exclusively to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, NS3 appeared to be peripherally recruited to the RER and proteolytically active when NS2B was provided in trans. Thus, we provide evidence for a potential additional role for NS2B in not only serving as the cofactor for the NS3 protease, but also in recruiting NS3 from the cytoplasm to the RER for proper enzymatic activity. Results from our study suggest that targeting the interaction between NS2B and NS3 in disrupting the NS3 ER localization may be an attractive avenue for antiviral drug discovery.

Avian Malaria Parasites Share Congeneric Mosquito Vectors

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kimura ◽  
J. M. Darbro ◽  
L. C. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasites
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