THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL IN PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF POFA BASED MORTAR

This paper presents the utilization of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell as cement and sand replacement, respectively in the production of palm oil fuel ash based mortar mixes as part of new and innovative materials in the construction industry. The study includes basic properties such as water absorption, density, compressive strength, and microstructure test with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used was subjected to heat treatment and grounded to the size of less than 2 µm. High volume of 80% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement, while 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of oil palm kernel shell was used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the density of the mortar decreases with increasing volume of oil palm kernel ash as sand replacement. Three different types of mortar were produced with different percentages of oil palm kernel shell, which was high strength, medium strength, and low strength lightweight mortars.

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Effect of High-Volume Oil Palm Biomass Waste in Mortar

Recycled Waste Materials in Concrete Construction - Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8325-7.ch002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 17-30

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

High Strength ◽

High Volume ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel

This chapter discusses the utilization of wastes in the form of palm oil fuel ash, oil palm kernel shell, and oil palm fibre in the production of mortar mixes as a part of new and innovative materials in construction industry. Detailed introduction is provided followed by a clear description of each waste and its effect when added to mortar mixes. Furthermore, a research study on the effect of palm oil fuel ash, palm oil kernel shell, palm oil fibre on mortar properties was carried out and the experimental program details are given under four subtitles. Splitting tensile strength and flexural strength were performed to test the engineering properties of mortar containing different types of waste. Results and discussion are provided for additional grasp. It is concluded that the inclusion of high-volume palm oil biomass waste can produce sustainable mortars with high strength and with more durability performance.

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Properties of Mortar Containing High Volume Palm Oil Biomass Waste

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.578 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 578-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam ◽

Muhammad Aamer Rafique Bhutta ◽

Nur Farhayu Ariffin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

High Strength ◽

High Volume ◽

Strength Development ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel

The utilization of waste materials which are abundant and cheap, especially from clean resources, has become more pressing than ever. This paper, discusses the utilization of the wastes in the form of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell in the production of mortar mixes as a part of new and innovative materials in construction industry. The studies include the basic properties including the morphology of the composite with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get a better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used has gone through heat treatment and ground up to the size less than 2µm. High volume of 60%, 80% and 100% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement. The incorporation of more than 80% of palm oil biomass waste as cement and sand replacement has produced mortar having an improved compressive strength than normal mortar. In addition, the density of the mortar with biomass waste was less than normal mortar. Overall results have revealed that the inclusion of high volume palm oil biomass waste can produce mortar mix with high strength, good performance and most importantly more sustainable.

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Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Incorporating High Volume Oil Palm Biomass Waste

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183401008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 01008

Author(s):

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽

Mostafa Samadi ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽

Nur Hafizah Abd Khalid ◽

Noor Nabilah Sarbini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Palm Biomass ◽

Oil Fuel

This paper studies the drying shrinkage of mortar incorporating oil palm biomass waste including Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Oil Palm Kernel Shell and Oil Palm Fibre. Nano size of palm oil fuel ash was used up to 80 % as cement replacement by weight. The ash has been treated to improve the physical and chemical properties of mortar. The mass ratio of sand to blended ashes was 3:1. The test was carried out using 25 × 25 × 160 mm prism for drying shrinkage tests and 70 × 70 ×70 mm for compressive strength test. The results show that the shrinkage value of biomass mortar is reduced by 31% compared with OPC mortar thus, showing better performance in restraining deformation of the mortar while the compressive strength increased by 24% compared with OPC mortar at later age. The study gives a better understanding of how the biomass waste affect on mortar compressive strength and drying shrinkage behaviour. Overall, the oil palm biomass waste can be used to produce a better performance mortar at later age in terms of compressive strength and drying shrinkage.

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Influence of Silica Fume Inclusion on the Compressive Strength Development of High Strength Concrete Containing High Volume of Palm Oil Fuel Ash

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.214 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 802 ◽

pp. 214-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aktham Hatem Alani ◽

Megat Azmi Megat Johari

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Palm Oil ◽

High Strength Concrete ◽

High Strength ◽

High Volume ◽

Strength Development ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Compressive Strength Development ◽

Oil Fuel

The influence of silica fume (SF) inclusion on the compressive strength development of high strength concrete (HSC) containing high volume of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) has been investigated. A HSC containing 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and another HSC mix with 50% POFA as part of the binder were prepared. Due to the reduction in early strength of the HSC with the inclusion of high volume of POFA in the binary blended binder HSC, attempt was made to partially replace the OPC with SF at 5, 10, 15 and 20%, thus creating a ternary blended binder HSC. The results show that the compressive strength development of the HSC containing high volume of POFA was significantly improved with the inclusion of SF. The ternary blended binder HSC with 15% SF exhibited the highest increase in early age strength, even though it did not surpass the OPC-HSC, and it provided the highest strength at 7 and 28 days in comparison to other HSC mixes. Thus, ternary blended binder containing more than 60% supplementary cementitious material (POFA and SF) could be utilized to produce HSC.

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Effect of Unground Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Sand Replacement on Compressive Strength of Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Concrete

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/712/1/012034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 712 ◽

pp. 012034

Author(s):

S Wan Ahmad ◽

K Muthusamy ◽

M H Hashim ◽

A M Albshir Budiea ◽

N F Ariffin

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Palm Shell ◽

Oil Palm Shell ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel

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The effects of high volume nano palm oil fuel ash on microstructure properties and hydration temperature of mortar

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽

Mohamed A. Ismail ◽

Han Seung Lee ◽

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

High Volume ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel

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The Effect of Eggshell Powder as an Accelerator for Blended Cement Concrete

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.8762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1032-1036

Author(s):

Nur Nadhira Abdul Rasid ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽

Azman Mohamed ◽

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽

Zaiton Abdul Majid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Strength Development ◽

Early Age ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Early Strength ◽

Oil Fuel ◽

Silica Oxide

Blended concrete has later strength development with long maturity strength development. An accelerator is thus needed to enhance the early strength development of concrete. This paper shows the combination of ground palm oil fuel ash and eggshell powder that was designed for later and early strength development, respectively. Two types of eggshell powder were utilised in concrete: uncarbonised eggshell powder and decarbonised eggshell powder. The study was initiated with compression test for concrete curing at age 1, 3, 7, and 28 days followed by rapid evaluation test of setting time to investigate the preliminary performance between materials. The results revealed decarbonised eggshell powder as a high accelerator that can improve the early age of concrete strength development. Meanwhile, despite showing the best performance, uncarbonised eggshell powder is a very low accelerator thus not fit the purpose. In conclusion, the combination of ground palm oil fuel ash (rich with silica oxide) and decarbonised eggshell powder (rich with calcium oxide) provided dual function, where ground palm oil fuel ash and decarbonised eggshell powder took later and early strength development, respectively. The combination between silica oxide and calcium oxide in cementitious materials has potential to be utilised to enhance the early age of a blended concrete strength development.

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The Effect of Variation of Molarity of Alkali Activator and Fine Aggregate Content on the Compressive Strength of the Fly Ash: Palm Oil Fuel Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/245473 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Iftekhair Ibnul Bashar ◽

U. Johnson Alengaram ◽

Mohd Zamin Jumaat ◽

Azizul Islam

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Alkaline Solution ◽

Strength Development ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Alkali Activator ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel

The effect of molarity of alkali activator, manufactured sand (M-sand), and quarry dust (QD) on the compressive strength of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and fly ash (FA) based geopolymer mortar was investigated and reported. The variable investigated includes the quantities of replacement levels of M-sand, QD, and conventional mining sand (N-sand) in two concentrated alkaline solutions; the contents of alkaline solution, water, POFA/FA ratio, and curing condition remained constant. The results show that an average of 76% of the 28-day compressive strength was found at the age of 3 days. The rate of strength development from 3 to 7 days was found between 12 and 16% and it was found much less beyond this period. The addition of 100% M-sand and QD shows insignificant strength reduction compared to mixtures with 100% N-sand. The particle angularity and texture of fine aggregates played a significant role in the strength development due to the filling and packing ability. The rough texture and surface of QD enables stronger bond between the paste and the fine aggregate. The concentration of alkaline solution increased the reaction rate and thus enhanced the development of early age strength. The use of M-sand and QD in the development of geopolymer concrete is recommended as the strength variation between these waste materials and conventional sand is not high.

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LONG TERM STUDIES ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF HIGH VOLUME NANO PALM OIL FUEL ASH MORTAR MIXES

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6387 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (16) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽

Mostafa Samadi ◽

Mohamed A. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Palm Oil ◽

High Volume ◽

Waste Material ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Oil Fuel ◽

Nano Size

Palm oil fuel ash is a waste material that can be used as partial cement replacement. However, its reactivity as pozzolanic material depends on the size of the particle. This paper presents the effects of nano size palm oil fuel ash on the long term characteristics of mortar. The study covers basic properties of mortar including the morphology, porosity, compressive strength and microstructural with regards to the variations in the mix design of the mortar. The palm oil fuel ash used has gone through heat treatment and was ground to a nano size with the percentage replacement of cement used was 60%, 80% and 100%. The different types of mortar samples were cast in a 70x70x70mm cube for compressive strength test. All casting and testing of the samples were conducted in the laboratory at ambient temperature. The results show that the use of 80% nano size palm oil fuel ash has produced higher compressive strength at the age of 28 days by 32% compared to the control mortar. Grinding the palm oil fuel ash to a nano size particle has improved the reactivity of the ash and because of it is a waste material it reduces the cost of the mortar. The experimental result also show that the compressive strength of the 80% nano size palm oil fuel ash mortar at 365 days was 25% higher than its strength at 28 days. In addition, the porosity of the 80% nano palm oil fuel ash mortar was reduced by 51% at the age of 1 year. The overall results have revealed that the use of high volume nano palm oil fuel ash can enhances the mortar properties and due to the high percentage of replacement it can contribute to a more sustainable construction.

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