scholarly journals Functional reserve and sex differences during exercise to exhaustion revealed by post‐exercise ischaemia and repeated supramaximal exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Martin‐Rincon ◽  
Miriam Gelabert‐Rebato ◽  
Mario Perez‐Valera ◽  
Victor Galvan‐Alvarez ◽  
David Morales‐Alamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Post Exercise

Similar Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Carotid Stiffness in Males and Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Georgios Grigoriadis ◽  
Alexander J. Rosenberg ◽  
Wesley K. Lefferts ◽  
Sang Ouk Wee ◽  
Elizabeth C Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractSex differences exist in vascular responses to blood pressure perturbations, such as resistance exercise. Increases in aortic stiffness following acute resistance exercise appear different between sexes, with attenuated increases in females vs. males. Whether sex differences exist in carotid stiffness, following resistance exercise is unknown. This study sought to examine sex differences in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and hemodynamics following acute resistance exercise. Thirty-five participants (18 male) completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal isokinetic knee extension/flexion. Aortic stiffness and hemodynamics were estimated using an automated oscillometric blood pressure monitor at baseline, 5- and 30-min post-exercise. Carotid stiffness was assessed by β-stiffness index, pressure-strain elastic modulus and arterial compliance using ultrasonography. Resistance exercise increased aortic stiffness, mean and systolic pressure at 5-min (p<0.01), and pressure-strain elastic modulus at 5-min in both sexes (p<0.05). Arterial compliance decreased at 5- and 30-min post exercise in both sexes (p<0.01). No interaction effects were detected in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and hemodynamics, indicating similar vascular responses between sexes. Our findings indicate that the large arteries appear to stiffen similarly following resistance exercise in males and females when presented with similar blood pressure responses.

Sex differences in heart rate responses to sub-maximal exercise in young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
U. Dimkpa ◽  
C.C. Ezeike ◽  
S.O. Maduka ◽  
U.U. Ukoha ◽  
L.C. Anikeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

There is paucity of scientific information on sex differences in heart rate (HR) responses during and after a sub-maximal exercise test in young adults. We assessed sex differences in normal HR responses during and after a sub-maximal-effort cycle ergometer exercise test in apparently healthy young adults. One hundred young adults (50 males and 50 females) participated in the study. Subjects performed a sub-maximal exercise at an intensity that produced 60–85% of a pre-determined age-predicted maximum HR. Measurements of subjects’ HR were done at rest, during exercise and post exercise recovery periods. The present data indicated that after adjusting for covariates, greater (P<0.05) HR responses (delta HR 2 min, delta HR 5 min, delta peak HR) were observed in men relative to women. Males also indicated significantly higher (P<0.05) %HRmax and %HRreserve compared to females. Variables of HR response during post-exercise recovery did not differ between males and females. HR responses during exercise were greater in young adult males compared to females while HR responses at post-exercise recovery were similar between the two groups. The present findings may be useful in interpreting more accurately the significance of HR responses during and after exercise in healthy young adults according to sex.

Abstract 3036: Is the Sympathetic Nervous System, Renin-angiotensin System and Cytokines Activated in Asymptomatic Patients with Chronic Organic Mitral Regurgitation and Normal Left Ventricular Functional Reserve?

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Pu ◽  
William Davidson ◽  
Xiaoxue Fan ◽  
Lawrence Demers
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, reninangiotensin system and cytokines has been observed in patients (pts) with congestive heart failure associated with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). In order to further understand the pathophysiology of chronic MR, it is important to know whether these neurohormonal systems are activated in pts with chronic MR and normal LV function. Methods: Twenty pts with chronic MR were studied. All the pts had mitral valve prolapse and moderately severe or severe MR with a mean regurgitant orifice area of 0.42 ± 0.05 cm 2 . Mean exercise capacity on the Bruce protocol was 12 ± 3 Mets. LV diameters and LVEF were measured at rest and immediately post exercise by echocardiography. Normal LV function was defined as resting LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of > 60 % with normal LV systolic functional reserve (increased LVEF of ≥ 5% post exercise). Plasma norepinephrine (NP), renin activity (RA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in pts with MR and 13 normal subjects without MR. Results: LV end-diastolic diameter (5.4 ± 0.5 cm vs. 4.5 ± 0.5 cm, p<0.01) and end-systolic diameter (3.6 ± 0.6 cm vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 cm, p<0.01) were significantly larger in pts with MR than the normal subjects. Resting LVEF was similar in two groups (MR: 65 ± 4% vs. normal: 59 ± 6%, p>0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma NP, RA and TNF-α between the MR and normal groups (Table ). NP, RA and TNF-α were not significantly associated with exercise capacity, LV end-diastolic and systolic diameters and pre- and post-exercise LVEF (all p> 0.05). Conclusion: Unlike pts with LV dysfunction and MR, neurohormones are not significantly activated in asymptomatic pts with chronic MR and normal LV systolic functional reserve. Therefore, elevation of the neurohormonal levels and/or reduced LV functional reserve may indicate LV function impairment and prompt early surgical and/or medical intervention.

scholarly journals High-CHO diet increases post-exercise oxygen consumption after a supramaximal exercise bout

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Ferreira ◽  
R. Bertuzzi ◽  
F.R. De-Oliveira ◽  
F.O. Pires ◽  
A.E. Lima-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise

Author response for "Sex differences in the brains of capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus [Cebus] apella )"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Hecht ◽  
Olivia T. Reilly ◽  
Marcela Benítez ◽  
Kimberley A. Phillips ◽  
Sarah Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys
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