Similar Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Carotid Stiffness in Males and Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Georgios Grigoriadis ◽  
Alexander J. Rosenberg ◽  
Wesley K. Lefferts ◽  
Sang Ouk Wee ◽  
Elizabeth C Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractSex differences exist in vascular responses to blood pressure perturbations, such as resistance exercise. Increases in aortic stiffness following acute resistance exercise appear different between sexes, with attenuated increases in females vs. males. Whether sex differences exist in carotid stiffness, following resistance exercise is unknown. This study sought to examine sex differences in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and hemodynamics following acute resistance exercise. Thirty-five participants (18 male) completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal isokinetic knee extension/flexion. Aortic stiffness and hemodynamics were estimated using an automated oscillometric blood pressure monitor at baseline, 5- and 30-min post-exercise. Carotid stiffness was assessed by β-stiffness index, pressure-strain elastic modulus and arterial compliance using ultrasonography. Resistance exercise increased aortic stiffness, mean and systolic pressure at 5-min (p<0.01), and pressure-strain elastic modulus at 5-min in both sexes (p<0.05). Arterial compliance decreased at 5- and 30-min post exercise in both sexes (p<0.01). No interaction effects were detected in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and hemodynamics, indicating similar vascular responses between sexes. Our findings indicate that the large arteries appear to stiffen similarly following resistance exercise in males and females when presented with similar blood pressure responses.

Effect of High-velocity Resistance Exercise on 24-h Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Filipe Fernandes Oliveira-Dantas ◽  
Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne ◽  
Ricardo Santos Oliveira ◽  
Ludmila Lucena Pereira Cabral ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Farias Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise Session

AbstractThis study investigated the acute post-exercise effect of high-velocity resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive older women. Fourteen volunteers (67.9±5.1 years) performed a high-velocity resistance exercise session (8 exercises using Thera-Band, 3 sets of 6 repetitions as fast as possible in the concentric phase with moderate intensity) and a control session, separated by a 7–10-day period. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored following 12-h post-sessions and compared between conditions at 1 to 4-h, 5 to 8-h, and 9 to 12-h. Average 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, awake, asleep periods, and blood pressure load were also analyzed. There was a condition by time interaction for systolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions (P=0.043). It was observed a lower systolic ambulatory blood pressure in the first 4-h period following the high-velocity resistance exercise session compared to the control session (−6.7 mmHg, 95% CI  − 11.6 to −1.8 mmHg; P=0.011). No changes were observed for diastolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions as well as for the other variables analyzed (P>0.05). In summary, a single high-velocity resistance exercise session elicits a post-exercise antihypertensive effect and may be considered as a strategy to acutely improve blood pressure control in hypertensive older women.

scholarly journals Acute effects of resistance exercise on arterial compliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. DeVan ◽  
Maria M. Anton ◽  
Jill N. Cook ◽  
Daria B. Neidre ◽  
Miriam Y. Cortez-Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Brachial Systolic Blood Pressure

Decreased central arterial compliance is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Resistance training is associated with reductions in the elastic properties of central arteries. Currently, it is not known whether this reduction is from one bout of resistance exercise or from an adaptation to multiple bouts of resistance training. Sixteen healthy sedentary or recreationally active adults (11 men and 5 women, age 27 ± 1 yr) were studied under parallel experimental conditions on 2 separate days. The order of experiments was randomized between resistance exercise (9 resistance exercises at 75% of 1 repetition maximum) and sham control (seated rest in the exercise room). Baseline hemodynamic values were not different between the two experimental conditions. Carotid arterial compliance (via simultaneous B-mode ultrasound and applanation tonometry) decreased and β-stiffness index increased ( P < 0.01) immediately and 30 min after resistance exercise. Immediately after resistance exercise, carotid systolic blood pressure increased ( P < 0.01), although no changes were observed in brachial systolic blood pressure at any time points. These measures returned to baseline values within 60 min after the completion of resistance exercise. No significant changes in these variables were observed during the sham control condition. These results indicate that one bout of resistance exercise acutely decreases central arterial compliance, but this effect is sustained for <60 min after the completion of resistance exercise.

Sex differences in aortic stiffness following acute resistance exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (C) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Augustine ◽  
Wesley K. Lefferts ◽  
Kevin S. Heffernan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aortic Stiffness

Sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and blood pressure control

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1124) ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Junwen Wang ◽  
Weihong Jiang ◽  
Manju Sharma ◽  
Yuyan Wu ◽  
Jiayin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Males And Females

BackgroundHypertension is the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of lowering blood pressure (BP), but BP control is a major challenge. Furthermore, there are significant sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and BP control. This study examined sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and BP control, with the aim of reducing the complications of hypertension and improving quality of life.MethodsThe study was performed in our outpatient hypertension clinic, and included 1529 patients without secondary hypertension or comorbidities. The study, investigated BP control rates and patterns of antihypertensive drug use in male and female. All data were collected using structured questionnaires and patient measurements.ResultsThe study included 713 males and 816 females in this study. Fewer females had hypertension in the younger age group (16.2% vs 11.6%; p>0.05), but this difference disappeared in middle-aged (47.8% vs 49.9 %; p<0.05) and elderly age groups (36.0% vs 38.5%; p<0.05). BP control rates differed between males and females (35.6% in male, 31.9% in female, p<0.01). There was an overall difference in BP control rates between males and females (35.6% in males, 31.9% in females, p<0.01). In this aged 18–44 years, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed the best control rate in males, while calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were least effective (61.5% with ACEIs, 28.6% with CCBs; p<0.05). In this aged 45–64 years, diuretics (DUs) showed the best control rate in females, while CCBs were least effective (47.5% with DUs, 28.3% with CCBs; p<0.05).ConclusionsSex plays an important role in BP control. In those aged 18–44 years, males using ACEIs showed best control rates. In those aged 45–64 years, females using DUs showed best control rates. Our study provides a basis with the selection of antihypertensive drugs according to sex and age.

scholarly journals Immediate post-exercise blood pressure and arterial compliance in middle-aged and older normotensive females: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo C. Costa ◽  
Kevin F. Boreskie ◽  
D. Scott Kehler ◽  
David E. Kent ◽  
Jacqueline L. Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure

scholarly journals Impact of Mineralocorticoid Receptor And Angiotensin Ii Type 1 Receptor Antagonism on Blood Pressure Regulation in Obese Zucker Rats: Role of Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussara M do Carmo ◽  
Alexandre A da Silva ◽  
John E Hall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that obesity-induced hypertension in females, but not males, is due to leptin-mediated stimulation of aldosterone secretion and subsequent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonism lowers blood pressure (BP) in male obese Zucker rats (OZR), which have defective leptin signaling, the potential role of sex differences in BP responses to RAAS blockade, including MR antagonism, in obesity is still unclear. We tested the cardiovascular effects of MR antagonism, alone or in combination with AT1R blockade in male and female OZR (n=5/sex) and lean Zucker rats (LZR, n=7/sex). Methods BP and heart rate (HR) were measured by telemetry 24-hrs/day. After a 6-day control period, spironolactone (40 mg/kg/day) was given for 10 days followed by a 7-day combined treatment with losartan (20 mg/kg/day), and followed by 6-day post-treatment recovery period. Results Compared to lean rats, OZR were hypertensive (Mean arterial pressure: 115±4 vs. 104±2 and 111±s vs. 100±3 mmHg for males and females) and had lower HR (355±9 vs. 393±7 and 367±10 vs. 412±13 bpm). MR blockade alone did not alter BP or HR in lean or obese male and female Zucker rats, whereas combined treatment reduced BP in obese and lean rats by 31±3 vs. 21±1 and 8±1 vs. 5±1 mmHg in males and females, respectively. No changes were observed in HR. Conclusions These results suggest that there are important sex differences in BP responses to chronic AT1R blockade but no major involvement of MR activation in BP regulation in OZR.

scholarly journals Sex Differences In Aortic Stiffness, 24-hour Blood Pressure, And Cardiac Deformation In Marathon Runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Augustine ◽  
Wesley K. Lefferts ◽  
Jacob P. DeBlois ◽  
Tiago V. Barreira ◽  
Kan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Cardiac Deformation

Counter-resistance exercise and hypertension: a review on hypotension post-exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Anderson José Melo Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
William Serrano Smethurst
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Post Exercise Hypotension

ABSTRACTObjective: to observe, through a literature review, the effects of counter-resistance exercise on hypotension post-exercise. Methods: this is a review study, based on national and international literature, that was considered the inclusion of articles in order to determine the cardiovascular responses in patients, with the use of resistance exercises, which used non-invasive methods of measurement of blood pressure. Studies that showed no recovery time after exercise as well as research involving other types of combined exercise except resistance exercise were excluded. Results: among the eleven studies involving hemodynamic responses and resistance exercise, four were evaluated considering the criteria for exclusion. Two studies showed a decrease in BP after a resistance exercise session for both systolic blood pressure and for diastolic blood pressure. One study that was found only for systolic blood pressure, and another just for the diastolic. Final comments: although it is not yet a consensus about the prescription of exercise for post-exercise hypotension, resistance exercise greater volume impacting more positively in blood pressure after activity, and this result may be more easily found through the systematic and continued practice of resistance exercise (physical training), and not simply an acute form. Descriptors: hypertension; post-exercise hypotension; resistance exercise.  RESUMOObjetivo: observar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, os efeitos do exercício contra-resistência, na hipotensão pós-exercício. Métodos: estudo de revisão, nacional e internacional, considerando-se a inclusão de artigos com o objetivo de verificar as respostas cardiovasculares em hipertensos, com o uso de exercícios resistidos, por meio de métodos não-invasivos de mensuração da tensão arterial. Foram excluídos aqueles que não apresentavam tempo de recuperação após o exercício e pesquisas envolvendo outro tipo de exercício combinado que não o resistido exclusivamente. Resultados: dos onze estudos envolvendo respostas hemodinâmicas e exercício contra-resistência, quatro foram avaliados. Dois mostraram diminuição da PA após uma sessão de exercício resistido, tanto para a pressão arterial sistólica como para a diastólica. Um estudo que encontrou hipotensão apenas para a sistólica, e o outro para a diastólica. Considerações finais: apesar de ainda não ser consenso a forma como deve ser conduzido a prescrição de exercícios contra-resistência para obter hipotensão pós-exercício, exercícios resistidos de maior volume possam repercutir de forma mais positiva na pressão arterial após atividade, e talvez esse resultado seja mais encontrado por meio da sistematização e continuidade da prática de exercícios resistidos (treinamento físico), e não simplesmente de forma aguda. Descritores: hipertensão; hipotensão pós-exercício; exercício resistido.  RESUMEN Objetivo: observar, a través de una revisión, los efectos del ejercicio de resistencia a la hipotensión pos-ejercicio. Métodos: este stúdio se basa en la literatura nacional e internacional, considerando la inclusión de los artículos a fin de determinar las respuestas cardiovasculares, con el uso de ejercicios de resistencia, que utiliza métodos no invasivos de la medición de la presión arterial. Se excluyeron de la evaluación, los estudios no han mostrado el tiempo de recuperación después del ejercicio y la investigación con otros tipos de ejercicios combinados que no se resistió. Resultados: de los once estudios con las respuestas hemodinámicas y el ejercicio de resistencia, cuatro fueron evaluadas teniendo en cuenta los criterios de exclusión. Dos estudios mostraron una reducción de la PA después de un período de ejercicio de resistencia, tanto para la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica. Un estudio encontró que la presión arterial sólo para la sistólica y la otra sólo para la presión. Consideraciones finales: a pesar de que no es un consenso sobre cómo debe llevarse a cabo el ejercicio de resistencia para a la hipotensión pos –ejercicio, ejercicio de fuerza mayor volumen que afectan de forma más positiva de la presión arterial después de la actividad, y este resultado puede ser más fácil de encontrar a través de la práctica sistemática y continua de los ejercicios de resistencia (entrenamiento físico), y no una forma aguda. Descriptores: hipertensión; hipotensión pos-ejercicio; ejercicio contra la resistencia. 

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