scholarly journals Modulation of human vestibular reflexes with increased postural threat

2014 ◽  
Vol 592 (16) ◽  
pp. 3671-3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Horslen ◽  
Christopher J. Dakin ◽  
J. Timothy Inglis ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Blouin ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Reflexes ◽  
Postural Threat

Studies on habituation of vestibular reflexes: Effect of repetitive caloric tests.

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Henriksson ◽  
K. Kohut ◽  
C. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Reflexes ◽  
Caloric Tests

scholarly journals Both standing and postural threat decrease Achilles’ tendon reflex inhibition from tendon electrical stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 595 (13) ◽  
pp. 4493-4506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Horslen ◽  
J. Timothy Inglis ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Blouin ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Reflex Inhibition ◽  
Postural Threat ◽  
Tendon Reflex

Properties of excitatory vestibular nucleus neurons concerned with vestibular reflexes in the posterior semicircular canal system

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S176
Author(s):  
Yoshio Uchino ◽  
Toshinobu Ichikawa ◽  
Shiroh Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Isu ◽  
Hiroaki Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Posterior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibular Reflexes

Human proprioceptive adaptations during states of height-induced fear and anxiety

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 3082-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Davis ◽  
Brian C. Horslen ◽  
Kei Nishikawa ◽  
Katie Fukushima ◽  
Romeo Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Afferent Feedback ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Postural Threat ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Stimulation Of

Clinical and experimental research has demonstrated that the emotional experience of fear and anxiety impairs postural stability in humans. The current study investigated whether changes in fear and anxiety can also modulate spinal stretch reflexes and the gain of afferent inputs to the primary somatosensory cortex. To do so, two separate experiments were performed on two separate groups of participants while they stood under conditions of low and high postural threat. In experiment 1, the proprioceptive system was probed using phasic mechanical stimulation of the Achilles tendon while simultaneously recording the ensuing tendon reflexes in the soleus muscle and cortical-evoked potentials over the somatosensory cortex during low and high threat conditions. In experiment 2, phasic electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve was used to examine the effect of postural threat on somatosensory evoked potentials. Results from experiment 1 demonstrated that soleus tendon reflex excitability was facilitated during states of height-induced fear and anxiety while the magnitude of the tendon-tap-evoked cortical potential was not significantly different between threat conditions. Results from experiment 2 demonstrated that the amplitudes of somatosensory-evoked potentials were also unchanged between threat conditions. The results support the hypothesis that muscle spindle sensitivity in the triceps surae muscles may be facilitated when humans stand under conditions of elevated postural threat, although the presumed increase in spindle sensitivity does not result in higher afferent feedback gain at the level of the somatosensory cortex.

Effects of Orbital Space Flight on Vestibular Reflexes and Perception

1995 ◽  
pp. 351-354
Author(s):  
Laurence R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Vestibular Reflexes ◽  
Orbital Space

Anodal vestibular stimulation does not suppress vestibular reflexes in human subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Bacsi ◽  
James G. Colebatch
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Reflexes

Postural threat influences the conscious perception of body position during voluntary leaning

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor W. Cleworth ◽  
J. Timothy Inglis ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Postural Threat

scholarly journals Exploring attentional focus of older adult fallers during heightened postural threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1877-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J. Ellmers ◽  
Adam J. Cocks ◽  
William R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Postural Threat ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objectives Threats to balance, and subsequent increases in fall-related anxiety, can disrupt attentional processing during gait in older adults, leading to behavioral adaptations which may increase fall risk. However, limited research has investigated what changes in attention occur to contribute to these disruptions. The aim of this research was to describe changes in attention that occur during gait when older adults’ balance is threatened, while exploring how previous fall history and trait movement reinvestment (conscious monitoring and control of movement) also influence attention. Methods Forty older adults reported where they focus their attention when walking during two scenarios: (1) when they are relaxed and there is little risk of falling, and; (2) when their balance is threatened and they are anxious of falling. Results During the high-threat condition, participants reported greater attention towards movement processes, threats to balance, worries/disturbing thoughts and self-regulatory strategies, with less attention directed towards task-irrelevant thoughts. However, fall history influenced attentional focus, with fallers directing greater attention towards worries/disturbing thoughts. Contrary to predictions, trait movement reinvestment was not associated with attention directed towards movement processes. Discussion As processing worries/disturbing thoughts will likely reduce attentional resources available for effective postural control, we highlight this as one potential area to target interventions aimed at reducing the likelihood of repeated falling.

scholarly journals The direction of postural threat alters balance control when standing at virtual elevation

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 (11) ◽  
pp. 2653-2663
Author(s):  
Tiphanie E. Raffegeau ◽  
Bradley Fawver ◽  
William R. Young ◽  
A. Mark Williams ◽  
Keith R. Lohse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Postural Threat

scholarly journals Adaptation of emotional state and standing balance parameters following repeated exposure to height-induced postural threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Zaback ◽  
Allan L. Adkin ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Postural Threat
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