scholarly journals Digital Archiving in Archaeology: The State of the Art. Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Richards ◽  
Ulf Jakobsson ◽  
David Novák ◽  
Benjamin Štular ◽  
Holly Wright
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Digital Archiving ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The articles in this special issue demonstrate significant differences in digital archiving capacity in different countries. In part these reflect differences in the history of archaeology in each country, its relationship to the state, whether it is centralised or decentralised, state-led or commercially driven. They also reflect some of the different attitudes to archaeology across the world, most recently explored in a survey conducted under the auspices of the NEARCH project. They reflect a snapshot in time, but our aim is to record the current state-of-the-art in each country, to inform knowledge, stimulate discussion, and to provoke change.

scholarly journals Introduction

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Kaestle
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
History Of

The History of Education Quarterly has done it again. Despite many scholars' previous attempts to summarize the state of the art in historical studies of literacy, this special issue will now be the best, up-to-date place for a novice to start. It should be required reading for everyone interested in this subfield. The editors have enlisted an impressive roster of prominent scholars in the field, and these authors have provided us with an excellent array of synthetic reviews, methodological and theoretical discussions, and exemplary research papers.

scholarly journals The KICK-OFF of 6G Research Worldwide: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mobile System ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Milestone

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile system is now being deployed across the world and the scale of 5G subscribers is growing quickly in many countries. The attention of academia and industry is increasingly shifting towards the sixth generation (6G) and many pioneering works are being kicked off, indicating an important milestone in the history of 6G. At this juncture, an overview of the current state of the art of 6G research and a vision of future communications are of great interest. This paper thus investigates up-to-date 6G research programs, ambitions, and main viewpoints of representative countries, institutions and companies worldwide. Then, the key technologies are outlined and a vision on ``What 6G may look like?" is provided. This paper aims to serve as an enlightening guideline for interested researchers to quickly get an overview when kicking off their 6G research.

scholarly journals The Hypothesis of Change from Above in the History of English: State of the Art and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (s1) ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Lavidas
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Linguistic Ideology ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe present paper presents the state of the art of research related to hypothesized changes from above in the diachrony of English. A main aim of the paper is to show how the cooperation of various perspectives can open new directions in the research of language change. We examine the main aspects of a definition of the change from above. We investigate the various perspectives through which the concept of change from above, as an “importation of elements from other systems” (Labov 2007), has been considered a significant factor for the development of English. We show that any attempt to investigate the presence or role of change from above includes the parameters of prestige, distribution of old and new forms, diffusion, gender, and linguistic ideology. Finally, we discuss typical examples of development of patterns and characteristics of English that have been analyzed as influenced by change from above, as well as the prestige dialects / languages and contexts that have been regarded as facilitating a hypothesized change from above (Latin, Anglo-Norman, standardization, prescriptivism, networks and individuals). We argue that the articles of the present special issue provide stable criteria that are required in any attempt to test the hypothesis of change from above in the development of English.

scholarly journals The state of breeding and use of Caspian horses in Europe and around the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Michał Pluta ◽  
◽  
Katarzyna Bańka ◽  
Angelika Cieśla ◽  
Łukasz Rogala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
The State ◽  
Current State ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The Caspian horse is one of the oldest horse breeds in the world and probably the first oriental domesticated horse. For centuries thought the breed had been considered extinct, until it was "rediscovered" in 1965 in Iran. The breed is quite important in the history of horse breeding, however, it is still little known. The aim of the work was to present the characteristics of the breed (conformation, characteristics and usage) and to assess the current state of the population in Europe and around the World. A survey was conduct among 18 breeders and included 120 horses. The population size was estimated based on the analysis of two breed registries. This study confirms and supplies information about Caspian horses available in the literature. Caspian horses can be very useful in refining small breeds of horses and could bring many profits in Polish breeding of sport ponies.

Börsengeschichte – Einführung

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carsten Burhop ◽  
Sibylle Lehmann-Hasemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Stock ◽  
Institutional Aspects

Abstract In this introduction, we review the state of the art of stock market history in Germany and preview the main findings of the articles published in this special issue. In Germany, scholars have long focused on institutional aspects of stock market history. Yet, starting in the late 1990s, quantitative work also started to take-off. Some of the articles published in this special issue go further down this road. Moreover, several of the following papers deal with the history of German stock markets during the interwar period, a period so far neglected by research.

scholarly journals The KICK-OFF of 6G Research Worldwide: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mobile System ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Milestone

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile system is now being deployed across the world and the scale of 5G subscribers is growing quickly in many countries. The attention of academia and industry is increasingly shifting towards the sixth generation (6G) and many pioneering works are being kicked off, indicating an important milestone in the history of 6G. At this juncture, an overview of the current state of the art of 6G research and a vision of future communications are of great interest. This paper thus investigates up-to-date 6G research programs, ambitions, and main viewpoints of representative countries, institutions and companies worldwide. Then, the key technologies are outlined and a vision on ``What 6G may look like?" is provided. This paper aims to serve as an enlightening guideline for interested researchers to quickly get an overview when kicking off their 6G research.

scholarly journals Data as Word

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Term Data

The history of what we today call “data” extends to the ancient world, yet our contemporary terminology of “data” is modern. This article examines the history and significance of the term “data.” It argues that a historiography of data that is self-conscious about the historicity of its own categories can illuminate the specific materiality of data, distinct from the things in the world it claims to represent. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.

Lexicography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Assi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Persian ◽  
Modern Era

The history of lexicography in Iran dates back to more than 2,000 years ago, to the time of the compilation of bilingual and monolingual lexicons for the Middle Persian language. After a review of the long and rich tradition of Persian lexicography, the chapter gives an account of the state of the art in the modern era by describing recent advances and developments in this field. During the last three or four decades, in line with the advancements in western countries, Iranian lexicography evolved from its traditional state into a modern professional and academic activity trying to improve the form and content of dictionaries by implementing the following factors: the latest achievements in theoretical and applied linguistics related to lexicography; and the computer techniques and information technology and corpus-based approach to lexicography.

Sir Charles Parsons and Electrical Power Generation—a Turbine Designer's Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Bolter
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Generation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Sir Charles Parsons died some three years after the author was born. In this paper the author looks back at the pioneering work of Parsons in the field of power generation. It shows how he was able to increase output of the steam turbine generator from 7.5 kW in 1884 to 50000 kW in 1930 while increasing efficiency from 1.6 to 36 per cent, and relates these achievements to the current state of the art. Blading design, rotor construction and other aspects of turbine engineering are considered. The conclusion is that Parsons and his associates charted the course which manufacturers and utilities throughout the world have continued to follow, although increasingly sophisticated design and analytical methods have succeeded the intuitive approach of Parsons. His constant search for improved efficiency was and is highly relevant to today's concern for the environment. Finally, although it did not become a practical proposition in his lifetime, the paper reviews Parsons' vision of, and continuing interest in, the gas turbine, first mentioned in his 1884 patents.

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